探究《道德小品》中莱奥帕尔迪哲学思想的矛盾性

发布时间：2018-12-13 13:33

【摘要】：莱奥帕尔迪是一个致力于探究自然和人类的作者,并且终身都在探寻幸福的奥义,在这期间他持续与痛苦作斗争,在这样一个苦痛挣扎的过程中,他不断忍受着来自内心和外部环境的种种矛盾煎熬。而这样一个曲折徘徊的过程在《道德小品》一书中得到了很好的印证。《道德小品》一书最终版本由24篇小品文组成,主要为对话体形式,其中涉及到的主题包括了现代社会的衰落、人性的腐败、幸福的不可获得以及对自然的探究等,这些主题在莱奥帕尔迪其他作品中也时常出现,可以说《道德小品》一书涵盖了莱奥帕尔迪的主要哲学思想,因此我选择这本书作为我的论文研究对象。同时,该书的中文译本只翻译了其中18篇短文,我希望通过该论文能够让读者对于《道德小品》有一个更加全面的认识。该书一经问世,便引起了巨大的社会讨论,尤其是在出版刊印过程中,遭遇到了多次严厉的审查,最终被列为禁书之一。对于此书的非议主要集中于两个方面,第一点是他的极度悲观主义,并终将导致消极厌世的生活态度;第二点是他的作品中传达出因循守旧的思想,认为当今时代是毫无希望的。本篇论文旨在通过分析探究反驳以上两种评论。在研究过程中,我注意到该书的主体之间存在一定的矛盾冲突之处,这也为我撰写论文提供了很好的视角,因此我将通过分析莱奥帕尔迪如何应对这些矛盾冲突来更好地诠释其哲学思想内涵以及《道德小品》一书的写作目的。本篇论文主要分为三大部分。第一部分为简介,对莱奥帕尔迪个人生平、《道德小品》一书的创和作出版历程以及其社会评价作出简要概述;第二部分为论文主体部分,由并列关系的三章论述组成,分别对想象与现实、避世与入世、嘲讽与苦闷之间的矛盾进行分析;最后一部分为论文结论部分,对《道德小品》一书的写作目的以及主旨进行概括,并反驳了关于其过度消极、因循守旧的评论。在论文写作中,主要运用了四种研究方法,包括文本研究法、历史语境研究法、对比研究法以及矛盾分析研究法,使论文更加全面有说服力。本文的创新之处在于写作视角方面,以主题思想间的矛盾冲突作为切入点,并在研究过程中分别以修辞学、语文学、社会学和心理学的视角,全面剖析莱奥帕尔迪对于人类、社会、自然等问题的哲学思考,并从中感悟到他对于人类堕落的惋惜、社会衰落的同情以及对于命运的抗争。通过以上的探究,我认识到对于莱奥帕尔迪过度消极厌世的评价是片面且肤浅的,正如他自己在《杂记》中写到:"我的哲学思想不仅仅不是厌恶人类的领导者一一肤浅地阅读我的作品的人才会得出这样的结论,这也正是被人们屡次抨击的原因,我本质上是希望摒弃愤世嫉俗这种思想的,是想要挽回这种不健康的局面,使人们远离这种恶劣的、充满厌恶的心情。"他所谓的"消极厌世"不过是他经过研究思考后对于人世的同情与担忧,他以冷酷辛辣的手法指出了社会中被当世人所忽略的弊端,但从未因此放弃与其作斗争,并致力于寻找出解决的办法,引领人们走出痛苦,获得幸福,这也正是他创作此书的目的;至于他哲学思想上的矛盾性,我认为这种冲突斗争是持续存在的,任何一种思想都无法完全战胜其对立面,与其他作家试图调解矛盾、建立平衡的处理方式不同,莱奥帕尔迪有能力使两种对立思想并行,这也使得《道德小品》一书呈现出了一定的二元性。
[Abstract]:Leopaldi is an author of the study of nature and human, and the life is in the search of the well-being of the well-being, during which he struggles with the pain, and in such a bitter struggle, he continues to suffer from the contradictions of the heart and the external environment. Such a winding process is well verified in the a book. The final version of the a book is made up of 24 small articles, mainly in the form of body, in which the topics involved include the decline of the modern society, the corruption of human nature, the inaccessibility of happiness and the exploration of nature, etc., These subjects also often appear in other works of Leophopal, and it is possible to say that the a book covers the main philosophy of Leoppari, so I chose this book as my thesis research object. At the same time, the Chinese translation of the book only translates 18 short passages, and I hope that the paper will enable the reader to have a more comprehensive understanding of the : The "My philosophy is not only the people who dislike the human being, but the only person who is superficial to read my work will come to the conclusion that it is the reason for the repeated criticism of the people, and I really want to abandon the cynicism of this kind of thought, It is the desire to redeem this unhealthy situation, and to keep people away from this bad, full-of-hateful mood." of his so-called "passive aversion to the world" was only his sympathy and concern for the world after his study. He pointed out the shortcomings of the society that were ignored by the world in a cold and spicy way, but never gave up the struggle, and was committed to finding a solution, leading people out of the pain and getting happiness, which is the purpose of his creation of the book; As for the contradiction of his philosophical thought, I think that the struggle of this kind of conflict is persistent, any kind of thought can not completely overcome its antithesis, and try to mediate the contradiction with other writers, and establish a balanced way of treatment. This also makes the a book a certain dualism.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I546.076

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