波德莱尔“黑维纳斯”的历史形塑

发布时间：2019-03-08 00:00

【摘要】：传统批评认为经典文学形象是"超历史的个人",具有原型价值,而新历史主义批评家则研究经典形象及其所代表的问题在多大程度上是社会价值观和文化习俗的产物。斯蒂芬·格林布拉特进一步提出了"主体形塑"概念,指出文学形象是不同话语对人物及其文化环境的关系反复进行阐释的结果,且阐释非一次性完结,而是一个没有止境的变化过程。"黑维纳斯"是波德莱尔在《恶之花》中以其黑白混血情妇让娜·杜瓦尔为原型塑造的经典文学形象。从19世纪中期至今,这一形象在波德莱尔的作品及早期批评和传记中,在T·S·艾略特、本雅明和萨特等人的文学批评著作中,在当代英国作家安吉拉·卡特的改写小说中被不断形塑,先后经历了"致命女性"原型、波德莱尔多维度的他者和具有自主意识的女性主体等几个阶段的变化。形塑的核心是种族和性别视域下的身体。不同话语不断围绕"黑维纳斯"的身体意义进行对话、商讨和争论,塑造了一个承载着复杂历史信息的含混意象。形塑的新变化也揭示了当代话语重构边缘主体、重书庶民历史、质疑经典,瓦解真理的转向。
[Abstract]:Traditional criticism holds that the classical literary image is a "super-historical individual" with archetypal value, while the new historicist critic studies the classical image and the problem represented by it to what extent is the product of social values and cultural customs. Stephen Greenblatt further proposed the concept of "subject shaping", pointing out that literary images are the result of repeated interpretations of the relationship between characters and their cultural environment in different discourse, and that the interpretation is not a one-off conclusion. It's an endless process of change. " Black Venus is a classic literary image created by Baudelaire on the basis of her black-and-white mistress Jean-Naduval in Flower of Evil. From the mid-19th century to the present, this image has been found in the works of Baudelaire and in early criticism and biographies, in literary criticism by T S Eliot, Benjamin and Sartre, etc. In the contemporary British writer Angela Carter's rewriting novel has been constantly shaped, has experienced the "fatal woman" prototype, Baudelaire's multi-dimensional other and self-conscious female subject and so on several stages of change. The core of shaping is the body from the perspective of race and gender. Different discourses continue to talk, discuss and argue about the physical meaning of "Black Venus", creating a vague image carrying complex historical information. The new changes in shaping also reveal that contemporary discourse reconstructs the marginal subject, emphasizes the history of the common people, questions the classics, and disintegrates the turn of truth.
【作者单位】：北京语言大学英语学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“当代英美小说中的改写现象研究”【项目批号:12CWW023】的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I565.072

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