《他们眼望上苍》的叙事伦理学探析

发布时间：2017-12-31 02:02

本文关键词：《他们眼望上苍》的叙事伦理学探析　出处：《河南大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿（1891—1960）是美国杰出的民俗家和人类学家，哈莱姆文艺复兴时期一位具有代表性的黑人女作家。她的代表作《他们眼望上苍》被誉为黑人文学、女性文学和20世纪美国文学的经典作品，描写了主人公珍妮反抗种族压迫和性别歧视，争取自己做人权利的一生，是一部充分展示黑人女性意识觉醒的作品。目前，国内外学者对《他们眼望上苍》的研究，多从传记文学、民俗文化、女性主义和叙事策略等角度出发，探讨黑人的命运与出路。以往这些研究大都是围绕小说的主题思想与创作技巧，却很少关注作品中蕴涵的伦理诉求。本文拟从叙事伦理学入手，，通过女性叙事、家庭叙事和种族叙事三个方面的分析，透视主人公珍妮的生活困境，进而展现赫斯顿独特的伦理观：黑人摆脱悲惨命运的关键在于重建民族意识与争取自我实现。本论文由导论、四章正文和结论部分组成。导论简要介绍了赫斯顿的生活和写作经历，及小说《他们眼望上苍》的主要情节和国内外学者对其的研究成果，进而点明本文的研究意义：从叙事伦理学出发，通过分析小说的叙事内容，展现珍妮的形象，赋予珍妮全新的伦理判断和文化判断，从而使读者更加深入了解黑人文化。第一章是本文的理论基础，详细阐述了叙事伦理学的定义及其主要观点。叙事伦理学讲述个人经历的生命故事，通过个人经历的叙事，营构具体的道德意识和伦理诉求；赫斯顿正是以珍妮的生命感知来叙写黑人女性的生活际遇，展现她对黑人争取自我实现与重建民族意识的伦理诉求。叙事伦理学的主要切入点包括女性叙事、家庭叙事和种族叙事。女性叙事围绕女性的生命感知，强调女性意识和女性的自我实现；家庭叙事聚焦于家庭结构的变化，寻求和谐的家庭关系；种族叙事通过描绘种族的生存现状，展现其独特的生存伦理。第二章从女性叙事的角度详细探讨了赫斯顿的伦理观。《他们眼望上苍》中的女性叙事指奴隶制度下有关黑人女性的特殊经历和对自我实现的伦理诉求的故事。本章首先介绍了奴隶制度下黑人女性的处境和来自种族、性别的双重压迫。其次分析了珍妮对自我实现的伦理追求，主要从自我的迷失、自我的觉醒和自我的实现三个部分来阐述，得出赫斯顿关于女性的伦理思想：奴隶制下的黑人女性应争取自由和自我实现，在其斗争过程中，其自我价值应与黑人社区的集体价值标准相符，并寻求黑人社区的帮助，只有这样才能得到真正的身心自由。第三章从家庭叙事的角度分析赫斯顿的伦理观。《他们眼望上苍》中的家庭叙事指黑人随着家庭结构的变化而发生的故事。小说围绕着珍妮家庭结构的变化而展开，情节集中于珍妮的婚姻生活。在她的三次婚姻中，珍妮尽最大的努力去追求和谐的婚姻生活，寻求婚姻关系的平等和自由。通过珍妮的家庭叙事，赫斯顿表达了其对婚姻的伦理观：和谐的婚姻生活依赖于平等、独立和自由的男女关系。只有获得独立和解放的黑人女性才能免受压迫，没有黑人女性的解放，就不会有整个人类的解放。第四章从种族叙事的角度探索赫斯顿对于种族的伦理思想。《他们眼望上苍》中的种族叙事指奴隶制下有关黑人的痛苦心理及其对白人的反抗斗争的故事。第一节揭露了奴隶制时期黑人的惨状及种族主义给黑人带来的痛苦。在此情形下，黑人形成了独特的生存伦理。第二节以珍妮为例，详细说明其顺从和反抗的选择都是为了追求生存伦理。最后总结出赫斯顿关于种族的伦理思想：黑人只有勇敢地面对历史，团结互助，并从其痛苦的过去走出来，才能恢复民族意识，重建美好未来。结论回顾全文并做出总结，指出赫斯顿的真实创作意图和创作价值。奴隶制虽已被废除一百多年，但现代社会的黑人仍生活在奴隶制的阴影下，逃避了一些本该承担的责任，这成为现代社会黑人所面临的各种问题的根源。带着强烈的民族意识和政治意识，赫斯顿教育现代社会的黑人要勇敢地摆脱奴隶制的阴影，重建民族意识，团结起来，共同面对和改变他们的现状。同时建议黑人妇女追求自我意识和自我实现。赫斯顿的伦理思想具有重要价值，它不仅有助于解决现代社会黑人的现存问题，而且也可以用来解决其他民族存在的问题。
[Abstract]:Zola Neil Heston (1891 - 1960) is an American anthropologist and folklorist, during the Harlem Renaissance a representative black female writer. Her masterpiece their eyes were Watching God < > is known as the black literature, female literature and American literature of the twentieth Century classic works, describes the hero of Jeanne against racial oppression and gender discrimination, fight for their rights of a man's life, is a full display of black female consciousness awakening works.
At present, the research on "their eyes were Watching God on the domestic and foreign scholars, from the biographical literature, folk culture, perspective of feminism and narrative strategies of discusses the fate and the way. These studies mainly focus on the novel theme and creative skills, ethics seldom works. Note off implication this paper starts from the narrative ethics, through the analysis of three aspects of female narrative, family narrative and narrative perspective of the plight of race, the protagonist Jeanne, and show Heston's unique ethical values: get rid of the tragic fate of the black key lies in the reconstruction of national consciousness and strive for self realization.
This paper is composed of the introduction, the four chapter and the conclusion.
The introduction briefly introduces Heston's life and writing experiences, and the novel "their eyes were Watching God on the main plot and the domestic and foreign scholars on the research results, and then points out the significance of this study: from the perspective of narrative ethics, narrative novels through content analysis, show the image of Jeanne, giving Jeanne a new ethical judgment and culture the judgment, so as to make the reader more in-depth understanding of black culture.
The first chapter is the theoretical basis of this paper, elaborates the definition of narrative ethics and its main viewpoints. Narrative ethics tells the life story of personal experience, through personal experience narrative, the construction of specific moral consciousness and ethical appeal; Heston is the life sense of Jeanne's writing of black women's life, show the ethical demands of her the black struggle for self realization and reconstruction of national consciousness. The main point of narrative ethics including female narrative, family narrative and race narrative. Female narrative focused on women's perception of life, emphasizing the female consciousness and self realization; changes in family narrative focus on family structure, seeking harmonious family relations; race narrative depicts the survival the status of race, show its unique survival ethic.
The second chapter from the female narrative perspective discussed Heston's ethics. They look up to the heaven in the female narrative > special experience of black women to slavery and the ethical demands of self realization of the story. This chapter first introduces the slavery of black women's situation and from the oppression of race, sex analysis of Jeanne's ethics. Secondly, the pursuit of self realization, mainly from the loss of self, self awakening and self realization of three parts, that of Heston's ethical ideas: black women under slavery should fight for freedom and self realization. In the struggle process, the self value should be consistent with the collective the value standard and the black community, and to seek the support of the black community, the only way to be truly free.
The third chapter analyzes Heston's ethics from the perspective of family narrative. They look up to God's family narrative > happened in a black family structure change with the story. The novel revolves around changes in family structure and Jeanne, Yu Zhenni's marriage. The plot centers on her three marriage, Jeanne best to pursue the harmonious marriage, seeking freedom and equality in marriage. The family narrative of Jeanne, Heston expressed the marriage ethics: harmonious marriage depends on equality, independence and freedom relationship. Only the independence and liberation of black women to avoid oppression, no black women's Liberation no, the liberation of mankind.
The fourth chapter from the race narrative explores Heston for racial ethics. They look up to God in the racial narrative > slavery of black mental pain and struggle against the whites. The first story reveals the horrors of black slavery and racism brought great pain to black people. In this case, black the formation of unique existence ethics. The second section in the case of Jeanne, a detailed description of the resistance and obedience is selected for the pursuit of survival ethics. Finally summed up Heston's ethical ideas on race: black only brave history, solidarity, and to go out of their painful past, in order to restore the national consciousness, reconstruction a better future.
Conclusion the full text and make a summary, pointed out that Heston's true intention and value creation. Slavery has been abolished for more than 100 years, but the blacks in modern society still live in the shadow of slavery, escape some of this responsibility, the source of a variety of problems faced by blacks in modern society. With a strong national consciousness and political consciousness, Heston education people in modern society to be brave to get rid of the shadow of slavery, the reconstruction of national consciousness, unite to confront and change their current situation. At the same time that black women's pursuit of self awareness and self realization. Heston's ethics thought has important value. It not only helps to solve the existing problems of modern the society of blacks, but also can be used to solve other ethnic problems.

【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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