《老人与海》中海明威的矛盾生态观探析

发布时间：2017-12-31 07:36

本文关键词：《老人与海》中海明威的矛盾生态观探析　出处：《四川师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：欧内斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway,1899-1961),美国记者及作家,被誉为是美国二十世纪最重要的小说家之一。海明威的以简约朴实的写作风格而著称,其作品受到了文学界及批评界的广泛关注。在其众多小说中,《老人与海》(The Old Man and the Sea1952)可视为海明威多年写作生涯及人生阅历的沉淀。它的出版再次在评论界引起了轰动,也让海明威走向了诺贝尔文学奖的圣殿。当生态批评在文学批评领域逐渐盛行之时,不少学者开始从生态角度对此小说进行解读。但是他们几乎都在挖掘《老人与海》中隐含着的生态寓言,着重指出海明威的生态思想。然而,海明威虽在人与自然的关系上的观点有所改变,但深受基督教及其他多重因素影响的他,始终逃离不了根深蒂固的人类中心主义思想。所以,《老人与海》隐含的是一种矛盾的生态观。本文将从深层生态学和生态女性主义两种角度对《老人与海》进行解读,旨在揭示海明威对人与自然及两性关系的矛盾观,并希望能借此丰富对海明威的研究。首先,本文透过海明威的生活经历揭示其对大自然矛盾心理的形成,并通过圣地亚哥对大海与海洋生物既爱又欲征服的复杂心理来映射海明威复杂的生态观。其次,本文透过圣地亚哥的心理活动与独自及女性与大自然的紧密联系揭示海明威的矛盾两性观。最后,本文总结出,海明威对大自然以及女性的态度并非只是爱或是只是想征服,而是一种模糊、矛盾的心理。更重要的是,本文运用生态批评的两个重要理论分析了人与自然,两性平等的关系,为人类与自然,两性之间的和谐相处提供了依据。
[Abstract]:Ernest Hemingway, American journalist and writer. Known as one of the most important American novelists in 20th century, Hemingway is famous for his simple and down-to-earth writing style, and his works have attracted wide attention in literary and critical circles. The Old Man and the Sea1952. Hemingway can be regarded as the precipitation of many years of writing career and life experience. Its publication once again caused a sensation in the critical circle. Also let Hemingway to the Nobel Prize for Literature Temple. When ecological criticism became popular in the field of literary criticism, many scholars began to interpret the novel from the ecological point of view. But almost all of them were digging up the ecological fables implied in the Old Man and the Sea. However, although Hemingway's view on the relationship between man and nature has changed, Hemingway is deeply influenced by Christianity and other factors. Can never escape the deep-rooted anthropocentrism. The Old Man and the Sea implies a contradictory ecological view. This paper will interpret the Old Man and the Sea from two angles of deep ecology and ecological feminism. The purpose of this paper is to reveal Hemingway's view of contradiction between man and nature and the relationship between men and women, and hope to enrich the study of Hemingway. Firstly, this paper reveals the formation of contradictory psychology of nature through Hemingway's life experience. And through Santiago's complex psychology of love and conquest of sea and marine life to map Hemingway's complex ecological view. Secondly. This paper reveals Hemingway's contradictory view of gender through the close relationship between psychological activities and solitude in Santiago and between women and nature. Hemingway's attitude towards nature and women is not just love or just want to conquer, but a vague and contradictory psychology. More importantly, this paper analyzes man and nature by using two important theories of ecological criticism. The relationship of gender equality provides the basis for the harmony between man and nature and between the two sexes.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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