超自然女性：一个隐喻

发布时间：2018-01-10 00:31

本文关键词：超自然女性：一个隐喻　出处：《北京外国语大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文以《怪诞集会与其他故事：1800-1850美国通俗小说中的超自然女性》为文本依托,采用文本细读的方法,从这些故事对女性的规训、对男性的取悦以及对超自然的建构这三个方面着手,分析小说与历史的互动。这部故事集出版于1979年,编者是罗纳德·柯伦,他在这本书中收集了1800至1850年间美国报纸、杂志、年刊等刊物上发表的有关女巫、仙女、水仙等其他超自然女性的故事。十九世纪上半叶的美国处于工业时代的发轫阶段。独立战争后民主制度的建立、个人主义的崛起、向西部的大规模扩张、早起工业资本主义的发展和工业技术的进步给美国人的生活带来巨大改变。大众面对这种改变所产生的欲望与恐惧被时代的通俗小说捕捉。小说的作者在作品中投下了时代的阴影,女性在作品中被父权社会规训,她们的肉体也被消费并用来取悦男性。同时这些作者也通过对小说中超自然空间的建构给了同时代人一个调解自身困境的机会。首先是对女性的设定这一部分,这一部分主要分析故事集中小说是如何在具体层面上以或直接或微妙的方式对女性进行规训的。这些故事勾勒出一个得体女性应该有的样貌。故事中浸透着道德的或说教的成分,比如企图破坏青年男女爱情的女巫被驱逐,充满性诱惑的仙女得不到真正的爱情,不安分守己野心勃勃的女人最终会意识到幸福还是归于家庭归于相夫教子。这些听上去像是陈词滥调的说教却恰恰反映了父权社会的焦虑和它出于自身利益需要对女性的期待与设定。十九世纪上半叶的美国正处于工业时代的初期,面对社会与个人生活的剧变,男性或大众内心产生的不安和焦虑都被投射到了作为他者的女性身上,在这本故事集中,就反映在了对超自然女性的刻画上。其次是对男性的取悦这一部分。在这些故事表面的道德正确下面是微妙的情色描写,这主要是针对占主流的男性读者。它的微妙在于它不是赤裸裸的描写情色场面,而是着力于女性的感官吸引力,对其进行细致入微的描写,这样的极致感官享受会久久萦绕于读者脑中。如果结合当时比较严苛的性意识形态以及男性长久的窥视欲望,这种微妙的情色描写可以看作对压抑欲望的释放以及对父权社会情色叙事要求的满足。同时,超自然女性以她的感官吸引力诱使主人公沉浸在对奢靡生活的幻想中。当幻想破灭,小说想要传达的道德训诫得以深化。最后是对超自然空间的建构,这一部分侧重自然与文明的冲突。在这些故事中,作者们建构了一个超然的、纯粹的、魔幻的空间,在这样一个空间里面个人内心深处的欲望与恐惧得到了证实和放大。这是一个纯粹的、绝对的空间,是因为这里没有世俗的、政治的纷扰,像是从地底冒出的一个空间,弥漫着神话／童话故事的氛围,这对个人来说是一个极好的避难所。现实是19世纪前半期随着工业和科技的发展,人对自然拥有了越来越多的权力,那为何还要逃避到一个人听命于自然魔力的空间里去呢?这种回到自然与人本来的秩序中,或许是面对工业时代骚动的现实,人们的一种集体性的保守反映。但是个人并不是从此在这里幸福地生活下去,随着故事的推进,个人还是会被推到现实面前,面对自己的困境。可以说,这个纯粹的空间一方面隐喻了工业时代大众的保守、暧昧态度,另一方面也给大众提供了一个协调欲望与恐惧的机会。
[Abstract]:In this paper "and other stories: rally weird supernatural women > 1800-1850 American popular novels in the text based on the text reading method, from the story of female to male discipline, to please the supernatural and the construction of the three aspects of the analysis, said small interaction and history. In this story set published in 1979, the editor is Ronald Coren, he collected 1800 to 1850 American newspapers, magazines in this book, the witch, published annual publications such as the fairy, Narcissus and other supernatural stories of women.
The first half of nineteenth Century in the United States at the beginning of the industrial age. The establishment of a democratic system after the war of independence, the rise of individualism, to the large-scale expansion of the western development of the early industrial capitalism and the development of industrial technology has brought great change to American life. Desire and fear in the face of this mass change of the era is popular the author of the novel. The novel captured under the shadow of the times in the works of the CIC, women by the patriarchal social discipline in the works, their bodies also consumed and used to please men. At the same time the author also gave contemporaries a mediation of their plight through the construction of the novel super natural space opportunities.
Is the first set of women in this part, this part mainly analyzes the story focused on how the novel in the specific level to direct or subtle ways to discipline women. These stories outline a decent appearance. Women should have the story with a moral or didactic component, such as the attempt to destroy young men and women love the witch expelled, full of temptation fairy is not true love, no woman will remain in a proper sphere overweeningly ambitious to realize happiness or to the family to mothers. These sounds like Chen Cilan's sermons have reflected the patriarchal social anxiety and it for their own interests and look forward to the need for women set. The first half of the nineteenth Century the United States is in the beginning of the industrial era, in the face of social and personal life upheaval, male or inner restlessness and focal masses The concern was projected to the other woman, which was reflected in the portrayal of supernatural women.
The second is to please the men in this part. In these stories on the surface of the moral right here is a subtle erotic description, this is mainly for the mainstream male readers. It is that it is not the naked description of subtle erotic scenes, but rather focus on women's sensory appeal, nuanced description of it, this extreme the senses in the haunting readers'mind. If combined with the more stringent of the ideology and the male long peeping desire, this subtle erotic description can be seen as the release of repressed desires and the father right society to meet the requirements of the erotic narration. At the same time, women in the extravagant life of supernatural fantasy to her senses to appeal the hero was. When they are gone, the novel to convey the moral admonition to be deepened.
The last is the construction of the supernatural space, this part focuses on the nature and civilization conflict. In these stories, the authors construct a transcendent, pure, magical space, in fear and desire such a space inside a person's mind has been confirmed and put. It is a pure the absolute space, because this is not a secular, political upheaval, like a space out of the ground, filled with Myth / fairy tale atmosphere, this is an excellent refuge for individuals. The reality is that the first half of nineteenth Century, with the development of industry and technology, people with the increasing power of nature, then why do we have to escape to a person under natural magic space to return to nature and people? The original order, perhaps is the face of the industrial era a reality, the people of a collective conservative But man is not reflected. From here live happily, as the story progresses, the individual will be pushed to the front of the reality, face their own difficulties. It can be said that the pure space metaphor industrial era of mass conservative, ambiguous attitude, on the other hand, but also to provide a coordinated desire and fear of the opportunity.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074

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