从分裂到整合：弗洛伊德人格结构理论解读《路》

发布时间：2018-01-11 12:35

本文关键词：从分裂到整合：弗洛伊德人格结构理论解读《路》　出处：《信阳师范学院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《路》是麦卡锡的第十部作品,描述一对父子游历浩劫后的美国。小说一经出版,便引起了巨大的反响。本文在前人对《路》研究的基础上,运用弗洛伊德精神分析理论中的基础理论之一,弗洛伊德人格结构理论来解析小说中人物人格,继而人类与环境之间从分裂到整合的重要性及可能性。弗洛伊德将人格结构分为三个部分,它们分别是：本我,自我和超我。本我是与生俱来的需要给予满足的本能和欲望；自我是对本我及现实世界进行调节的缓冲器；超我则代表了父母和社会对个体的影响,它遵守道德准则,保护个体及社会不受本我的伤害。小说中,混乱的外部环境直接导致社会约束功能的消失,而一旦没有外界的约束,超我成为无源之水,自我将不能管制本我,这就使得人类的行为活动完全受控于本我的本能冲动,如此一来,人类人格极度分裂并退化为野蛮,这将会对个人及外界环境造成极大的灾难。生机勃勃的自然变为荒原,人类间竭斯底里的杀戮必定最终导致人类自身的灭亡,并且无人能够逃脱,与此同时,文明由于失去物质基础将会停止发展直至灰飞烟灭。本文试图探寻小说中的复兴之路,因为麦卡锡在创造了一个文明终结时段的可怕世界的同时,也透露出了重建和谐的希望。读者可以从作品中发现家庭,社会和自然,即外部环境重建的可能性；在外部环境的滋养和个体自身对人性的坚持下,那么人们的人格就有了完善的希望,人与自我便得以整合,这就使人与外部环境的整合成为可能。本文试图通过对文本的解读来激发读者对现实世界中的人性、人类生存环境、人类的未来以及自我拯救的普遍思考,希望人们深刻地反思并改造自身的行为和伦理道德准则,以实现人类社会的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:This paper , on the basis of the research on the road of Freud , uses Freud ' s theory of personality structure to analyze the personality of characters in the novel and then the importance and possibility of integration between human beings and the environment . In the novel , the chaotic external environment directly leads to the disappearance of the social restriction function , and once there is no external restriction , I become the passive water , and the self will not control the present me . In this way , the human personality is completely controlled by the instinct impulse . In this way , the human personality is completely controlled by the instinct impulse . In the meantime , the people ' s personality is very divided and degenerate into barbarian . At the same time , the people ' s personality has a perfect hope , and the human and the self can be integrated , which makes the integration of the human and the external environment possible . This paper attempts to stimulate the readers ' universal thinking about human nature , human living environment , humanity ' s future and self - salvation in the real world through the interpretation of the text . It is hoped that people can reflect on and reform their own behavior and ethics criterion deeply in order to realize the sustainable development of human society .

【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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