复调的喧哗：《八月之光》的巴赫金式解读

发布时间：2018-01-11 13:32

本文关键词：复调的喧哗：《八月之光》的巴赫金式解读　出处：《四川师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：威廉·福克纳是二十世纪美国现代主义文学大师,留给世人许多经典之作,如给他带来名誉的《喧哗与骚动》、很受读者喜爱的《押沙龙,押沙龙!》等。《八月之光》作为福克纳的主要代表作之一,在其“约克纳帕塔法世系”中占有相当重要的位置。众所周知,福克纳的作品都比较晦涩难懂,而《八月之光》是他所有作品中篇幅最长的一部小说,或许也是在情节结构和人物形象上最为复杂丰富的作品。自该小说问世以来,很多文学评论家却认为它的人物纷繁复杂、叙事线索不连贯,且没有一个统一的主题。其实,福克纳在这部小说的艺术手法及运用上更加独特和创新。他在小说里展开了更广阔的现实空间,塑造了更多更丰满的人物形象,也揭示了更多元的美国南方社会问题。笔者试用巴赫金的复调理论来解读《八月之光》,探讨小说中的人物、叙事及其深刻主题。本论文首先分析小说的人物构造,揭示发生在人物话语中的微型对话。这种对话不是通常意义上的对话,而是蕴藏于具有双重声音的话语中,能使读者感受到人物意识的对立面、认识到不同思想之间的冲突。另外,复调小说的主人公在作者的构思中是相对自由的和相对独立的,他们不是作者表达其思想的工具,而是与小说中的其他人物意识相并列,这使他们的性格及命运具有了未完成性。接着,讨论叙事结构上的复调。平行故事的并置以及人物之间的关系创造出了在叙事上的对位,因此整个小说就是一个大型对话。而且福克纳没有给人物的命运一个最终的阐述,并使小说在叙事上呈现出开放式的结尾,所以作品也具有了不确定性。最后,一种众声喧哗的场景被体现出来,这使得小说主题多元化。因为每一个单独的主题中都可以听到不同的矛盾的声音,可能是发自不同的角色,也可能是发自同一个角色。这样一来,多元社会中人性的矛盾和分裂都被呈现在了读者的面前,从而揭示出了该小说的深刻主题。本论文从复调理论解析《八月之光》,能使读者进一步了解福克纳的独特艺术手法,并引起读者对小说形式与创作技巧的思考。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, William Faulkner was a master of American modernist literature, leaving many classics, such as the Sound and the Fury, which brought him fame, the popular "Absalom, Absalom!" Light of August, as one of Faulkner's main masterpieces, occupies a very important position in his "Yoknapataphaphal lineage". As we all know, Faulkner's works are rather obscure and difficult to understand. "Light of August" is the longest novel of all his works, and perhaps the most complex and rich in the plot structure and characters. Many literary critics, however, think that its characters are complicated, the narrative clues are not coherent, and there is no unified theme. Faulkner is more unique and innovative in the artistic technique and application of the novel. He develops a broader realistic space and shapes more and more full characters in the novel. The author uses Bakhtin's polyphonic theory to interpret Light of August and discusses the characters, narration and its profound themes in the novel. This thesis first analyzes the character structure of the novel and reveals the micro-dialogue that occurs in the character discourse. This dialogue is not a dialogue in the ordinary sense, but is embedded in the discourse with a dual voice. In addition, the protagonist of the polyphonic novel is relatively free and independent in the author's conception. They are not a tool for the author to express his thoughts, but are juxtaposed with the other characters in the novel, which makes their character and destiny unfinished. The parallel story and the relationship between the characters create the narrative opposites. Therefore, the whole novel is a large-scale dialogue, and Faulkner does not give a final explanation of the fate of the characters, and makes the novel show an open ending in narrative, so the work is also uncertain. Finally. A noisy scene is reflected, which multiplies the themes of the novel, because different conflicting voices can be heard in each individual theme, possibly from different roles. It may also come from the same role. In this way, the contradictions and divisions of human nature in the pluralistic society are presented in front of the reader. This paper analyzes the Light of August from the polyphonic theory, which can help readers to understand Faulkner's unique artistic technique. And causes the reader to the novel form and the creation skill ponder.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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