幻想与幻灭—对欧茨的《一位美丽少女》的生态女性主义研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 13:27

本文关键词：幻想与幻灭—对欧茨的《一位美丽少女》的生态女性主义研究　出处：《北京邮电大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乔伊斯·卡罗尔·欧茨,生于1938年的美国女作家,以其高产高质量的文学作品而闻名美国文坛并蜚声海外。从上个世纪60年代初开始至今,欧茨出版的长篇小说,短篇小说集以及各种评论等作品已逾百部。她对文学严谨的态度以及创作的不止给评论家和读者们树立了一个文学大师的形象。欧茨善于用其独特的女性视角来关注当代女性的生存现状,所以她作品中的女性人物形象个性鲜明,生动饱满,欧茨的新作《一位美丽少女》又为其文学作品新添一位新型女性形象。本论文正是基于对此新作的文本分析,从生态女性主义入手,重点阐述分析了人与自然,人与人之间,尤其是男性和女性,女性和自然之间的关系。生态女性主义是伴随着生态主义和女性主义的发展而建立起来的理论。它不是两者的简单结合,而是对其补充和发展。生态女性主义者认为女性和自然是有内在联系的,而把她们联系起来的桥梁便是男性。由于社会的进步,各种生态问题层出不穷,而这正是由于人类对人与自然关系的不正确理解所致。自然成了人类利用的工具而遭到压迫。同样在父权制的社会里,女性长期以来都是男性的附属品,处于和自然一样受压迫的地位。于是女性主义里的男性就是生态主义中的人类,而女性主义中的女性就是生态主义中的自然,他们是平行世界里的彼此。生态女性主义深入人类社会内部探究女性和自然受压迫的原因,那就是西方世界里长久存在的二元论和父权制思维模式。解放女性和自然是一致的,只有推翻父权制,抛弃二元论的精神模式,才能保护女性和自然,使男性和女性平等共处,人类与自然和谐发展。本文分为四章。第一章主要从女性和自然特殊关系入手,阐述了书中女主角的心理变化和自然的息息相关,并把女性和自然的女神地位的演变和在小说中的表现进行详细叙述,从而揭示了女性和自然在父权制社会受压迫的地位和困境。第二章主要是分析了小说中出现的三个男性人物形象及其与女主角之间的关系。他们一个是女主角的心灵伴侣,一个是和她发生不伦关系的表兄,还有一个是承诺了回来保护她却一直没出场的父亲。三个男性都对女主角卡特亚有重要意义,却都在伤害着她。欧茨再次揭示了虽然女性挣扎反抗,但她仍不可避免的成为了男权社会的牺牲品。第三章是从女性和女性之间的关系,尤其是母女关系和雇佣关系两方面来分析父权制对女性的伤害。三个女性形象一个是女主角卡特亚,一个是放任女儿不管的母亲,一个是冷漠富有的女雇主。虽然女主角的母亲和雇主身为女性,却没有站在同一战线,反而成为了打上父权制烙印的女性,并对自己的女性同胞进行压迫和伤害。而这一切都是受父权制根深蒂固的意识所影响。第四章主要阐述了男性、自然和女性之间的和谐。在男权社会里,男性一直被放在了主宰者和统治者的地位,所以他们必须伪装自己以及本身真实的欲望。这也是为什么欧茨认为男性也成为牺牲品的原因之一。卡特亚最终开始理解并帮助凯德先生实现他死得有尊严的愿望。这说明男性和女性开始达到了一种和谐状态。而与此同时男性卸下了伪装,人类和自然的关系也开始从对立走向统一。最后,结语总结全文,指出不仅女性是男权社会的牺牲品,而男性同样也处在牺牲品的困境中,男女由此开始互相理解和帮助,而自然和人类也出现了和谐的曙光。
[Abstract]:Joyce Carol Ots, born in 1938, American female writer, with its high quality and famous literary works in American literature and abroad. From the beginning of 60s so far, the publication of Oates's novels, short stories and commentaries and other works have more than 100. Her literary creation and rigorous attitude than to critics and readers to establish a literary master image.
Oates is good at using the unique female perspective on the survival status of contemporary women, so she works female characters vivid, vivid and full, Oates's "a beautiful girl" and its literary works of the birth of a new female image. This thesis is based on the analysis of this novel, from the ecological feminism start, emphatically elaborated and analyzed the human and nature, between people and people, especially men and women, the relationship between women and nature.
Ecofeminism is accompanied by the development of ecology and feminism and established theory. It is not a simple combination of the two, but the complement and development. Ecofeminists believe that women and nature are interrelated, and to bridge them together is the male. Due to the progress of the society, emerge in an endless stream a variety of ecological problems, and this is because of the relationship between man and nature caused by incorrect understanding. A natural human use of tools and oppressed. Similarly, in the patriarchal society, women have long been an appendix of men, and in the same natural oppressions. So human feminism the male is the ecological doctrine, and feminism in women is ecological in nature, they are parallel to each other. Explore the world of ecofeminists deeply The oppression of women and nature, that is the western world long dualism and patriarchy mode of thinking. The liberation of women and nature is the same, only to overthrow the patriarchy, abandon the spirit of dualism mode, in order to protect women and nature, so that men and women equal coexistence, harmonious development of human and nature.
This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter starts from the special relationship between women and nature, expounds the psychological changes of heroine in the book and nature are closely related, and the development of women and nature and status of the goddess in the novel is described in detail, which reveals that women and nature in patriarchal society oppressed the status and difficulties.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the three male characters in the novel and its relationship with the heroine. One of them is the heroine's soul mate, one is not Aaron relationship with her cousin, there is a commitment to protect her back has not played the father of three. Men are important to Katya, but had hurt her. Oates reveals that although women struggle against, but she still has become a victim of the patriarchal society.
The third chapter is from the relationship between women and women, especially the two mother daughter relationship and employment relationship to analyze the harm of patriarchy on women. Three women is a heroine Katja, a daughter of laissez faire regardless of the mother, a wealthy woman is indifferent employer. Although the heroine's mother and the employer as women, but did not stand on the same front, but became a hit on the patriarchal brand of women, and oppression and damage to their female compatriots. And all this is influenced by patriarchy ingrained consciousness.
The fourth chapter mainly elaborates the male, between women and nature harmony. In the patriarchal society, male dominated and the rulers has been placed in a high position, so they have to hide their true desires. This is why Oates has become one of the reasons that men are victims. Kateya finally began to understand and help Mr. Cade he realized the desire to die with dignity. This shows that men and women are beginning to reach a state of harmony. While men unloaded camouflage, the relationship between mankind and nature also starts from opposition to unification.
Finally, the conclusion summarizes the full text. It points out that not only the female is the victim of the patriarchal society, but also the male is also in the predicament of the victim. Therefore, men and women begin to understand each other and help each other, and natural and human also have the dawn of harmony.

【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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