《格列佛游记》中英国性的反思和重建

发布时间：2018-01-22 07:38

本文关键词： 乔纳森·斯威夫特《格列佛游记》英国性　出处：《湘潭大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乔纳森·斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift,1667-1745）是英国18世纪最杰出的讽刺小说家。其《格列佛游记》（1726）因为犀利的讽刺手法及深刻的现实反映而得到广泛关注。随着各种批评理论的兴起，一些评论家从不同的角度对该作品进行分析和解读。虽然有评论家探讨过该小说中所反映的18世纪英国社会的帝国意识或欧洲中心主义，，但是很少有人从英国性的角度来探讨小说作者对虚伪的英国性的批判以及对理想的英国性的向往和构建。 “英国性”是对民族身份和民族特征的界定。在某种意义上来讲，它涉及到种族身份的建构，具有种族中心主义的色彩。英国人以自己的文化作为衡量文明程度的标准，认为自己的种族在各方面都处于一种优越的地位，而对虚假的“文明”背后隐藏的各种弊端视而不见。18世纪，随着在贸易、军事、殖民等方面的崛起，英国俨然以超级强国的形象屹立于世界的中心。随之而涌现的各种形式的游记文学更是把这个“岛国天堂”的形象输送到世界的每一个角落。小到种族肤色所象征的白色文明大至优越先进的完善制度都使处于该时期的英国人倍感骄傲和自豪。而斯威夫特却以他独特的视角和冷静的观察，向我们呈现了18世纪英国社会生活中相反的另一面现象。本文通过分析小说《格列佛游记》的叙述人格列佛对英国性的骄傲、反思及重构的过程，来问诊18世纪这个充满着各种矛盾的英国社会，进而探讨同时代人们所向往的理想社会形态。全文共分三章。第一章阐述叙述人格列佛对自己所具有的英国性的自豪感。格列佛作为一名白色欧洲人对自己的外貌和肤色的夸赞，对自己出众的自给自足能力的炫耀和对自己高尚的品德的强调，都传达出了他对自己种族优越性的自我满足感。他每到一个国家就会炫耀一番自己国家发达的经济，先进的科技及深厚的文化。这些表达出他无意识中所透露出对“文明”和“强大”的英国性的自豪感。实际上，他的这种自豪感正展现了英国将其他民族边缘化、低等化的盲目乐观思想。第二章探讨格列佛对传统的英国性的反思。在游历了大人国之后，他开始反思自我，反思英国并且对白色英国性进行了否定。在慧咽国目睹了与人类相似的耶胡的各种丑陋行为后，格列佛对种族优越性进行了思考。所谓的白色种族，只是人们徒有一副美丽的躯壳，而人性却几乎丧失殆尽。因此，格列佛的白色种族优越感在跟耶胡的对比中消解了。通过与慧咽的谈话，他逐步认清了战争、殖民、金钱等英国社会中种种现象的本质：英国的文明史只不过是一部野蛮史。因此，这种文明的“英国性”就在格列佛的反思中消解了。第三章探讨格列佛所追寻的具有理想的英国性的社会形态。根据人种的外形特征并不能判定种族的优越和独特，而是以社会个体的道德建构为标尺，上至君主下至臣民，所有社会成员都要以道德为中心各行其是，建构一个高度文明的社会。此外，一个理想的民族还应该消除各种偏见，遵循人人平等。性别之间应实现男女平等；阶级之间应实现平等相处和团结一致；不同民族之间应该消除剥削和压迫。这不仅是格列佛心中理想的英国性，更是斯威夫特对理想的民族特性，理想的社会形态的思考。在18世纪启蒙乐观主义精神的指导下，英国社会生活中洋溢着不可思议的乐观情绪，整个社会的民族主义精神急剧膨胀，而斯威夫特却向我们呈现了一个更真实更全面的英国，也传达了他重建英国性的愿望。通过分析《格列佛游记》中叙述者对18世纪英国性的认同、消解与重建的过程，本文揭露了“文明”英国的不文明之处，同时也探讨了斯威夫特对传统英国性的重新思考以及对理想社会形态的建构。
[Abstract]:Jonathan Swift (Jonathan Swift 1667-1745) is the most outstanding novelist of England in eighteenth Century. "The irony in Gulliver's travels" (1726) and received wide attention because of sharp satire and profound realistic reflection. With all kinds of criticism of the rise, some critics of the analysis and interpretation of the works from different angles. Although some critics to reflect the novel in eighteenth Century the British Empire social consciousness or Eurocentrism, but few people from the perspective of the author of the novel criticism of the hypocrisy of the British and the yearning for an ideal English and building.
"Britain" is the definition of national identity and national characteristics. In a sense, it involves the construction of racial identity, with the color of ethnocentrism. British people as the standard to measure the degree of civilization of their own culture, that their race is in an advantageous position in all aspects, and to hide behind a false "civilization" the disadvantages of blind.18 century, with the rise in trade, military, and other aspects of the British colonial, as the image of "super power" stands in the center of the world. With the emergence of various travelliterature is to transport the "island paradise" to every image a small corner of the world. To race as a symbol of the white civilization is superior to advanced perfect systems so that in the period of the British people feel proud. But Swift with his unique vision Angle and calm observation, showing the eighteenth Century British social life on the other side to us. Through the analysis of narrative personality lefou novel "Gulliver's travels" on British pride, reflection and reconstruction process, to eighteenth Century this inquiry is full of all kinds of contradictions of British society, and to explore the ideal form of society with the age of the people yearning.
This paper consists of three chapters. The first chapter expounds the narrative of the British lefou personality has a sense of pride. Gulliver as a white Europeans for their own appearance and color of praise, his outstanding self-sufficiency to show off and on his noble morality that conveys his own race the superiority of the self satisfaction in every country. He will show off their own country developed economy, advanced technology and rich culture. The expression of his unconscious revealing of "civilization" and "strong" of British pride. In fact, this is his pride Britain will show other people marginalized, blindly optimistic thoughts of low. The second chapter discusses the reflection on the traditional Gulliver English. After traveling Brobdingnag, he began to reflect on self reflection, and Bai Shaiying of Britain In the negative. The Hui witnessed all kinds of ugly behavior in the pharynx is similar with human Yehuda after Gulliver are thinking of racial superiority. The so-called white race, people just have a pair of beautiful body, but human nature has almost disappeared. Therefore, Gulliver's white racial superiority in in contrast with digestion Yehuda. With Hui swallow conversation, he gradually understood the nature of war, colonialism, phenomena such as money in the British Society: Britain's history of civilization is just a brutal history. Therefore, the civilization of the British "resolution in Gulliver's reflection. The third chapter discusses the ideal society of British Gulliver pursues. According to race appearance and can not determine the racial superiority and unique, but by the social moral construction scale, from the monarch to all subjects. Members of the society to the moral center of each acts in his own way a highly civilized construction and society. In addition, an ideal nation should also eliminate prejudices, follow the equality between the sexes. We should realize the equality between men and women; between classes should realize the equality and unity among different ethnic groups should be eliminated; it not only exploitation and oppression. Gulliver's ideal of Britain, Swift is on the national characteristics of the ideal, the ideal social form of thinking.
In eighteenth Century, under the guidance of the spirit of enlightenment optimism, British social life filled with unbelievable optimism, the whole society nationalism expands rapidly, while Swift gives us a more realistic and more comprehensive English, also conveys his desire of Britain's reconstruction. Through the analysis of "the narrator Gulliver's travels in recognition of the eighteenth Century British > the process of deconstruction and reconstruction, this paper reveals the" civilization civilization "in the UK, it also discusses Swift to rethink the traditional English and the construction of the ideal form of society.

【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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