空间批评视阈下《嘉莉妹妹》的异化主题分析

发布时间：2018-01-22 15:39

本文关键词： 《嘉莉妹妹》空间城市异化　出处：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西奥多·德莱塞是美国文学史上的一位天才作家。他通常以美国现代都市为创作背景,结合自己的城市体验和反思进行文学创作。他十分善长于把社会题材转化为文学题材,生动真实地展现着多样的城市场景以及城市中人们的生活面貌。《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞的成名作。这部小说以十九世纪末美国经济快速发展并向消费社会转变为写作的时代背景,真实地展现了以芝加哥、纽约为代表的美国资本主义城市生活。这部小说的城市生活题材,主要人物的城市经历和城市中多样的空间场景呈现使其颇具代表性。德莱塞将自己的生存境遇和体验融入到笔下的城市,一方面详尽地描绘着宽阔的商业街道,高档酒店,百货商场这些具有现代化特征的城市景观,介绍他们的地理位置、历史变化、陈设布置等,以期凸显城市生活的物质繁华；另一方面,他以旁观者的清醒和理智,强调这些异化了的城市景观影响并决定了小说人物的社会认知和价值取向。简言之,《嘉莉妹妹》这部小说中的城市空间和个人空间都显示了“异化”的特征。空间批评是20世纪80年代后逐渐形成的批评理论,它对传统的空间观进行了解构和扬弃。以法国哲学家亨利·列斐伏尔为代表的理论家认为“空间”不是时间的附庸或静止的被动的容器,而是在特定的文化基础上形成的一种社会力量。在文学作品中,“空间”常常被简单地认为等同小说的景观,是人物活动和情节展开的“容器”和背景,然而小说中的景观对于空间批评具有社会、文化和历史等多重属性。就城市空间来说,它是资本主义社会化大生产的产物,体现出明显的异化特征。城市空间也异化生存其中的人们的精神世界和行为方式。城市中的人身陷于“异化”包围之中。本文尝试结合空间批评理论,以《嘉莉妹妹》中异化的城市空间和人物异化的生存状态为研究对象,探究小说中的异化现象和成因,以期深刻解读小说《嘉莉妹妹》在现代美国都市背景下的异化主题。本文分为五部分：引文部分首先介绍德莱塞和他的杰出作品《嘉莉妹妹》,综述《嘉莉妹妹》的国内外研究文献,以及本文的研究问题和研究意义。第一章介绍空间批评理论,异化概念的内涵,并探讨在亨利·列斐伏尔的空间批评影响下的空间和文学的关系。第二章将结合空间批评分析《嘉莉妹妹》中呈现出的美国城市空间,并按照城市空间的不同功能和特征,将其划分为地理景观,工作空间和家庭生活空间三个方面,并逐一分析各空间在小说中表现出的异化现象,并解释导致异化现象出现的社会原因。第三章从空间批评出发,主要分析小说的美国都市空间中个的异化问题。依据异化概念的内涵,人的异化包括三个方面：人的思想异化、人的需求异化和人际关系的异化。结合空间批评,本论文认为,小说《嘉莉妹妹》中人的异化受社会空间生产的影响和操控。结语部分给出本文的结论,综述《嘉莉妹妹》中呈现出的全面异化的城市。本论文通过解读多种异化的城市空间和置身其中的异化的个人探讨了小说的异化主题。根据空间批评理论,本论文认为：小说中的城市空间不仅是小说情节发生的背景,而且是“异化”了的社会空间。小说中人物的个体空间也深受异化的社会空间的作用和影响。现代都市空间是一个全面异化的所在,生活其中的人们难以逃脱异化的影响和掌控,并深陷其中难以自拔。
[Abstract]:West Orlando Dreiser is a genius writer in the history of American literature . He usually works with American modern city as the background of creation , combines his own city experience and reflection to make literary creation . He is very good at transforming social themes into literary themes , showing a vivid and realistic representation of various urban scenes and the life of people in the city . In the end of the nineteenth century , the American economy developed rapidly and transformed the consumer society into the background of writing . The novel ' s urban life theme , the city experience of the main characters and the diverse spatial scene in the city have made it very representative . Space criticism is the theory of criticism that has been gradually formed in the 1980s . The theory of space is regarded as a " container " and background of the social , culture and history . In literary works , " space " is often regarded as a " container " and background of people ' s activities and plots . In the urban space , it is the product of social , culture and history of the capitalist socialization . This paper tries to combine the theory of space criticism to study the alienation phenomenon and the cause of the alienation in the novels , with a view to deeply interpreting the alienation theme of the novel , Sister Carrie , in the background of modern American city . This paper is divided into five parts : The citation part firstly introduces Dreiser and his distinguished works , Sister Carrie , and reviews the domestic and foreign research literature of Sister Carrie , and the research problems and research significance in this paper . The first chapter introduces the connotation of the theory of space criticism and the concept of alienation , and probes into the relationship between space and literature under the influence of Henry Lefevre ' s space criticism . The second chapter analyzes the American city space presented in Sister Carrie , and divides it into three aspects : geographic landscape , working space and family living space according to the different functions and characteristics of urban space . According to the connotation of the concept of alienation , the alienation of human beings includes three aspects : the alienation of man , the alienation of human needs and the alienation of interpersonal relationship . The conclusion of this paper is given in the conclusion of this paper . The thesis summarizes the different theme of the novel in Sister Carrie . According to the theory of space criticism , this paper concludes that the urban space in the novel is not only the background of the novel plot , but also the social space of alienation . The individual space of the characters in the novel is also deeply influenced by the alienation of the social space .

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【共引文献】