人格面具的悲歌评《蝴蝶君》主人公伽利马的悲剧

发布时间：2018-01-22 13:22

本文关键词： 《蝴蝶君》人格面具伽利马悲剧　出处：《郑州大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黄哲伦(1957—)是一位优秀的美国华裔剧作家。黄哲伦出生在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市的第一代华人移民家庭。黄哲伦多次荣获各种剧作奖,在当代美国剧坛有着举足轻重的地位。作为一名出色的剧作家,黄哲伦的前期作品主要致力于表现华人移民在美国的种种挫折和不幸遭遇;他后来作品关注的重心逐渐转移到了东西方文化之间的冲突融合以及世界不同文化间人与人之间的各种关系上。黄哲伦凭借剧本《蝴蝶君》获得诸多殊荣和世界声誉。《蝴蝶君》是黄哲伦对普契尼《蝴蝶夫人》的改编和再创作。《蝴蝶君》是一出构思精巧的剧本,讲述的是一位钟爱歌剧《蝴蝶夫人》的法国外交官伽利马爱上了一位中国“女人”宋丽玲的故事。伽利马认为,这位中国女人就是他的“蝴蝶夫人”,是他的完美情人,给予了他梦想中的爱情。但他直到最后因间谍罪入狱才发现原来自己深爱的这位“东方女人”宋丽玲竟然是一名男子,他的东方蝴蝶梦破碎了,最终选择了自杀。伽利马和一位具有男性生理性别的“女”演员保持了多年的恋人关系以及他最后的自杀给无数读者和观众留下了悬念。本文尝试用卡尔·荣格的人格面具理论来剖析主人公伽利马人生悲剧的原因。论文共分引言、四章、和结论三个部分。引言部分介绍了黄哲伦的生平及其文学创作,他的代表作《蝴蝶君》,国内外关于《蝴蝶君》的研究现状,并指出本论文的研究理论依据和研究的现实意义。第一章介绍瑞士心理学家卡尔·荣格的人格面具理论,并指出用人格面具理论分析《蝴蝶君》的可行性。荣格的人格面具理论认为,为了自我发展以及社会的认可,人人都会带上各种各样的人格面具。只有自己的人格面具迎合了社会需要,得到了社会的认可,他才会成功。但是,人们与生俱来的本性有时并不接受面具,造成了真实的自我和面具下的自我之间激烈的对抗和冲突,其极端的结果就是当事人的疯狂,甚至是死亡。伽利马的悲剧恰属于后者。他深陷在人格面具中不能自拔,自己的本性和人格面具不能和谐相处,这使他不敢勇敢地面对现实,只有通过自杀来进行逃避。第二章分析伽利马所戴人格面具的实质是西方男性霸权的面具。从其行为表现看,他并不是一个大男子主义的西方男性,他男性的躯壳内有一颗女性的灵魂。他正是弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫所说的那种“双性同体”的人,而这才是男性和女性的性别真实。正是社会文化后天的影响,才使男性和女性长大成人后有了不同的行为表现。可以说,男性和女性在社会上截然不同的行为表现是他们的人格面具使然。在该剧中,伽利马虽身处男女地位大变革的时期,面对西方女性地位不断提高等现实问题,社会上根深蒂固的男性中心主义思想使他不得不戴上男性中心主义的人格面具。可是,随着西方女性地位的不断提升,在独立性逐渐增强的西方女性面前,伽利马的男性自尊慢慢丧失,他的男性话语权越来越弱。可是,为了迎合社会需要以及得到人们的认可,带着西方男性霸权面具的伽利马依然要在西方女性面前维持他的男性尊严。而与此同时带着西方男性霸权面具的伽利马也积极寻求在中国“女人”宋丽玲面前找到他男性的尊严和话语霸权,以此得到社会的认可和肯定。在中国“女人”宋丽玲的屈服下,伽利马渐渐迷失在西方男性霸权的人格面具中,已经忘记真实的自我。第三章探讨了伽利马对宋丽玲情有独钟的另一个原因,他身上强大的女性特质渴望得到表现,而男性中心主义社会否定了这种表现得可能;否则,他有可能会被贴上“变态”、“另类”的标签,从而给他的职业和社会认可度带来灭顶之灾。但是,按照弗洛伊德的观点,将某种情结和感情郁结于心也会带来更加严重的自我毁灭的结果,于是他渴望为自身的女性气质找到表现得通道。于是,宋丽玲就成了他实现自身女性气质得到表现的替身,即他的女性特质在宋丽玲身上得到了间接的表现。而中国“女人”宋丽玲的出现恰好满足了伽利马对女性气质的幻想;也让伽利马在宋丽玲身上体会到了女性的柔弱和胆怯。然而,沉浸在这种幻想中的伽利马既不愿意摘掉西方男性霸权的面具,又不愿意承认自己对女性气质炽烈的向往。第四章研究了伽利马自杀的原因。伽利马沉迷于男性霸权面具,而又无法面对自己强烈的女性气质,而最终选择了自杀。戴着西方男性霸权面具的伽利马为了得到社会认可,不敢在大众面前展现自己的柔弱、胆怯的一面,只是选择通过中国“女人”宋丽玲来实现展示女性气质的“白日梦”。但是,当真相揭开,无法面对真实自己的伽利马只能选择结束自己的生命来获得解脱。结论部分总结全文,指出伽利马人格面具的悲剧对现代人的启示意义:人们不能一直活在面具下和忘掉真实的自我;人要勇敢地面对真实的自己,平衡好戴的人格面具和面具下真实的自我。
[Abstract]:Huang Zhelun (1957 -) is a Chinese American playwright best. Huang Zhelun was born in Losangeles city of California, the first generation of Chinese immigrants. Huang Zhelun has received many Drama Awards, plays an important role in the contemporary American theater. As an outstanding drama writer, Huang Zhelun works mainly focus on the frustrations of Chinese performance immigrants in the United States and misfortune; his later works focus gradually shifted to the various relationships between the conflict and fusion between eastern and Western cultures and different cultures in the world between man and man. Huang Zhelun with the script < butterfly > get a lot of honor and reputation in the world. Butterfly > is Huang Zhelun on the adaptation of Puccini "Madame Butterfly >. < > and re creation of butterfly is a clever script, it tells the story of a favorite opera" Madame Butterfly "French diplomat Gallimard love The story of a China "woman". Song Liling thinks the woman is China Gallimard, his "Madame Butterfly", is his perfect lover, gave him a dream of love. But until he finally imprisonment for espionage discovered that he loved the "Oriental woman" Song Liling turned out to be a man and his Oriental Butterfly dream broken, finally chose the Dutch act. Gallimard and one with male sex female actor for many years maintained a romantic relationship and his last Dutch act to countless readers and viewers left the suspense. The reason this paper attempts the persona theory to analyze the protagonist Karl Jung Gallimard's life tragedy. This dissertation consists of introduction, four chapters, three parts and conclusion. The introduction part introduces Huang Zhelun's life and literary creation, his masterpiece butterfly > < < butterfly, both at home and abroad Research status of Jun > the research, and points out the theoretical basis and practical significance of the research. The first chapter introduces the persona theory of Swiss psychologist Karl Jung, and pointed out the feasibility analysis of the butterfly > < persona theory. That persona of Carl Jung's theory, in order to self development and recognized by the society, everyone will take a variety of persona. Only the persona to cater to the needs of the community, has been recognized by the society, he will be successful. However, people's inherent nature sometimes does not accept the mask, resulting in the fierce confrontation and conflict between the true self and self under the mask, the extreme is the result of the parties crazy, and even death. The tragedy of Gallimard belongs to the latter. He was trapped in the persona in their harmony inextricably bogged down in nature, and the persona that he cannot. Dare to face the reality bravely, only through the Dutch act to escape. The second chapter analyses the essence of the persona is Gallimard wear Western male hegemony mask. From the performance of its behavior, he is not a macho men in the west, he male body has a female soul. He is Virginia Wolf said that "androgyny", and this is the male and female gender. It is the real social and cultural impact of the day after tomorrow, the male and female adults have different behavior. It can be said that the behavior of men and women in the society is completely different from them personality dictates. In the play, Gallimard though in a period of great change the status of men and women, in the face of Western women's rising status of practical issues such as social ingrained male centered ideology so that he may not wear The male centered persona. However, with the continuous improvement of the status of Western women in front of, gradually increase the independence of Western women, the men slowly lose self-esteem Gallimard, his male discourse increasingly weak. However, in order to meet the social needs and be recognized by people, with a Western male hegemony mask Gallimard still to maintain his dignity in the face of western female male. But at the same time with a Western male hegemony mask Gallimard are also actively seeking to find him men's dignity and discourse hegemony in front of China "woman" Song Liling, in order to get social recognition and affirmation. The yield Chinese "woman" Song Liling, Gallimard gradually lost in the Western male the hegemony of the persona, have forgotten the true self. The third chapter discusses another reason Gallimard has a special liking for the song Li Ling love, he The body strong feminine desire, while the male centered society denies this may behave; otherwise, he may be labeled "abnormal", "offbeat" label, which brings to his crowning calamity occupation and social recognition. However, according to Freud, a complex and feelings stagnation in heart will also bring more serious self destruction, so he was eager to find their own female temperament show channel. Thus, Song Liling became his own feminine performance double his femininity has been indirectly expressed in Song Liling body. And Chinese "woman" Song Liling just to meet Gallimard of femininity fantasy; also let Gallimard realize women weak and timid on Song Liling. However, immersed in the illusion of Gallimard Neither willing to remove the Western masculine mask, they are not willing to admit that their femininity blazing yearning. The fourth chapter studies the reasons of the Dutch act addicted to male hegemony. Gallimard Gallimard mask, and unable to face his own strong female temperament, and ultimately chose to kill himself. Wearing a Western male hegemony mask in order to get Gallimard social recognition, not in front of the public to show his weak, timid side, just through the choice of China "woman" Song Liling to display the feminine "daydream". However, when the truth revealed, unable to face the real own Gallimard can only choose to end their lives to get relief. The conclusion summarizes the whole thesis, points out the enlightenment the significance of the tragedy of Gallimard persona of modern people: people can not always live in the mask and forget about the real self; people should be brave to face it Real self, balance the mask of the personality and the real ego under the mask.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.073

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