黄哲伦戏剧《蝴蝶君》的新历史主义解读

发布时间：2018-02-09 14:52

本文关键词： 《蝴蝶君》新历史主义文本性历史性抑制　出处：《山东师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：美籍华裔剧作家黄哲伦，著作颇多，，获奖丰硕，在美国戏剧界享有盛誉。作为少数族裔华裔的一员，他对祖居国中国有着特别的政治敏感度。他的作品大多围绕亚裔人展开，其中华裔居多。他的代表作《蝴蝶君》也不例外。可以说，《蝴蝶君》讲了一个中国故事。或许出于中国情结，这部戏剧颇受国内读者和评论界关注，毁誉参半。在西方文化中，关于东方女性、中国男性以及东西方关系的刻板印象都可谓根深蒂固。普契尼的经典歌剧《蝴蝶夫人》传唱百年，人们对其中的刻板印象习以为常。黄哲伦创作《蝴蝶君》有意对《蝴蝶夫人》进行解构。然而对其有否成功解构，学界观点不一。并且对他是否有意在作品中妖魔化中国也有争议。本文从新历史主义角度对《蝴蝶君》展开研究。新历史主义呼唤文学文本解读时要有历史意识，主张将文本置于相关历史情境中进行分析，希望通过阐明文本中隐含的意识形态和权力关系来明晰其中的政治。黄哲伦将《蝴蝶君》的主要背景设定为二十世纪六七十年代的中国，试图以构建新的历史事实来对抗《蝴蝶夫人》中的陈词滥调。然而受制于他的双重文化身份，在解构的过程中也产生了一些其他的消极形象，或使固有误解雪上加霜。剧中作者叙述的史实的主观性，作者试图改写蝴蝶夫人神话的努力，以及整部剧中存在的问题，都可以用新历史主义的观点进行解释。本论文除引言和结论以外共分三章。引言部分介绍了作者、主要作品、国内外对其研究情况、新历史主义理论以及本论文的写作目的及意义。第一章用“历史的文本性”分析了剧本中所呈现史实的主观性。新历史主义认为，历史是一种特殊的文本，带有主观性，完全客观真实的历史是不存在的。提及完美的东方女性形象，西方人很可能会想到《蝴蝶夫人》中传唱的秋秋桑。黄哲伦也立意《蝴蝶君》中主角宋丽玲成为这样的经典。尽管二人都以现实中的人物为原型，但发生在他们身上的故事却掺杂了诸多主观臆造。作者在剧中运用了互文、虚构以及多视角叙述来构建故事，真真假假，错综复杂。通过分析，我们会发现剧中历史细节的主观性。第二章探讨了该剧中“文本的历史性”。新历史主义者认为，文本不仅反映历史，还能反塑历史。该剧运用一系列历史元素呈现上世纪六七十年代中国以及越南的相关历史片段。作者尝试以史实解构《蝴蝶夫人》中的刻板印象，并探索摆脱刻板印象的可能，其中包括对东方女性和中国男性摆脱负面印象以及贫穷落后的中国获得更好的发展的可能。作者通过塑造新的形象，期盼历史有所改观。第三章分析了作者在解构和颠覆刻板印象中的抑制成分。在《蝴蝶君》中，东方女性不再像秋秋桑一样软弱无能、只知顺从，然而却被塑造得愤世嫉俗、狡诈恶毒；中国男性不再奴颜婢膝、碌碌无为，但却依然阳刚不足、阴险有余；中国依然破败落后、毫无生气，政治上狂热混乱。尽管作者致力解构，但终于难逃美国主流意识形态的束缚，并为之增砖添瓦。这和新历史主义的“抑制”观点不谋而合。人们有权质疑主流意识形态，表达不满，但在微妙的权力运作中，置身其中的人无法超越。作家常向主流文化宣战，结果常是沦为后者的代言人，既不可自知，又不能避免。黄哲伦和这个剧本就是一例。结论部分总结了前三章内容，认为黄哲伦在《蝴蝶君》中对中国以及国人的负面写作也是无可厚非的。黄哲伦努力对业已存在的刻板印象进行了解构。戏剧中，他对一些史实的描写必定会引发人们对相关史实的重新思考。中国读者和评论界应从他的戏剧中获取有用信息，并作有益反思，而非一味抨击其扭曲中国文化。
[Abstract]:Chinese American playwright Huang Zhelun, award-winning works a lot, rich, enjoy high reputation in the American theater. As a member of the Chinese minorities, his ancestral home in China has a special political sensitivity. Most of his works on Asian people, including ethnic majority. His masterpiece "butterfly > can be said is no exception. < >, butterfly tells a story China. Perhaps for Chinese complex, this drama is popular, domestic readers and critics get both praise and blame.
In western culture, the Oriental female, male China and East West relations can be described as ingrained stereotypes. Puccini's classic opera "Madame Butterfly" sung in a hundred years, people on the stereotype. Huang Zhelun used creation butterfly > interested in < < butterfly > deconstruction. However, the success of deconstruction the academic point of view or not. And if he intends to have disputes in the works to demonize China.
This paper focuses on "Butterfly" from the perspective of new historicism. New Historicism calls for the interpretation of literary text to historical consciousness, advocate the text in the relevant historical context analysis, clarify the text of the hope that through the hidden ideology and power relations to clear the politics. Huang Zhelun will be the main background Butterfly > < set for twentieth Century 60s and 70s Chinese, trying to build a new historical facts against "Madame Butterfly > in. However, subject to the hackneyed and stereotyped expressions of his double cultural identity, also produced some negative image in its his deconstruction process, or the inherent misunderstanding. The author describes the history of one disaster after another subjectivity, the author tries to rewrite the butterfly Mrs. myth efforts, and problems of the whole drama, can be explained in terms of new historicism.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters. The preface introduces the author's main works, the research situation at home and abroad, the new historicism theory and the purpose and significance of this thesis.
The first chapter "historical text analysis of the facts presented in the script. The subjectivity of New Historicism holds that history is a kind of special text, subjective, objective and true history completely. There is no mention of Oriental female figure, Westerners are likely to think of" autumn autumn sang sung butterfly Mrs. Huang Zhelun < > > in the conception of butterfly protagonist Song Liling became such a classic. Although two people to the reality of the characters as the prototype, but happened to them the story was mixed with many subjective conjecture. The author uses the interaction in the drama, fiction and narrative to construct the true story, perplexing. Through analysis, we will find the historical details of subjectivity.
The second chapter discusses the drama "the historicity of texts". New historicism that text not only reflects the history, but also anti plastic history. The play uses a series of historical elements presented on 60s and 70s China century and Vietnam historical fragments. The author attempts to deconstruct the facts "Madame Butterfly > stereotype, and explore get rid of stereotypes, including Oriental women and men Chinese get rid of a negative impression of poverty and backwardness and China better development. By creating a new image, looking forward to the historical change.
The third chapter analyzes the deconstruction and subversion of the stereotype in the inhibitory component. In the "Butterfly", the Oriental women no longer weak like Tyutyusan, only know obedience, but are shaping up very cunning and vicious; China men detest the world and its ways, not servile, mediocrity, but still lack of masculine, more sinister; China still broken backward, lifeless, politically feverish chaos. Although the author aims to escape the shackles of deconstruction, but finally the American mainstream ideology, and to build. And this new historicism "suppression" views coincide. People have the right to question the mainstream ideology, expressed dissatisfaction, but in the operation of power in the subtle, in one can not go beyond. Writers often to the mainstream culture war, the latter is often reduced to the spokesperson, neither knowing, and cannot be avoided. Huang Zhelun and the play is one of the cases.
The conclusion part summarizes the contents of the first three chapters, that Huang Zhelun of China and Chinese writing is negative in the butterfly > < no ground for blame. Huang Zhelun tried to stereotype the existing impression of deconstruction. The drama, he wrote on some historical facts will cause people to rethink the relevant historical facts. To obtain useful information Chinese readers and critics from his plays, and as a useful reflection, rather than blindly attacked the distorted Chinese culture.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.073

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