契诃夫的讽刺艺术对鲁迅、张天翼的影响

发布时间：2018-02-10 22:42

本文关键词： 契诃夫鲁迅张天翼讽刺影响　出处：《西北民族大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“讽刺”作为一种文学手法,几乎与幽默并列为喜剧性审美范畴的两种形态,在世界文学中,有许多充满着机智和幽默,用夸张手法和嘲讽态度创作的文学作品,批评家称这类作品为讽刺文学。这类文学主要通过揭露对象的可恶、可鄙或可笑来否定丑恶的人与事及社会的恶习。在中西方的文学史上,讽刺文学是占有相当重要的地位的,它虽然算不上是最伟大的文学类型,也可以说是具有战斗力和创造性的文学形式之一。契诃夫作为19世纪末欧洲文学的一颗璀璨之星,虽然他的艺术特点不全是具有讽刺意味的,但他的讽刺理念和笔法却是丰富而独特的,因而,也顺理成章地成为中国现代作家们学习域外的对象之一。一些擅长讽刺意味的中国现代作家们,他们的思想和笔触基本也是融合了这些国外优秀作家的传统文学的方法,包括文学和美学的融合,不仅继承了民族遗产,还有选择性地摄取了域外的营养,他们用自己独有的艺术个性,使“五四”新文学的讽刺和具有讽刺意味的笔触、审美理想和生活经验融入为中国新文学另一种独特的表现和重要的组成部分。第一部分,梳理并评述国内外关于契诃夫小说讽刺笔法对中国现代作家的启迪和影响的研究现状、选题目的及意义。第二部分,简要阐述外国讽刺文学的发展历程和背景,并主要论述关于契诃夫小说的讽刺理念并结合其作品的艺术形象、审美理想和生活经验来体现其创作时的一些讽刺笔法。第三部分,主要论述作为中国现代文学讽刺小说的先驱者和开拓者的鲁迅对于讽刺的看法,并从人物形象、对国民性改造问题的关注、创作手法等方面探讨其小说创作中与契诃夫讽刺笔法的异同。第四部分,论述左翼文学时期的讽刺名家张天翼的小说对契诃夫讽刺笔法的传承与改良。本论文对契诃夫小说的讽刺理念和笔法对鲁迅、张天翼小说创作的启迪与影响,从创作个性、艺术形象及审美理想等方面的异同作了一个浅显的分析,其中不乏笔者不成熟的观点和见解。其主要目的是以讽刺小说为主线,阐述契诃夫的讽刺之笔对中国现代作家及讽刺小说的启迪与影响。
[Abstract]:Satire, as a literary technique, is almost juxtaposed with humor as two forms of comic aesthetic category. In world literature, there are many literary works which are full of wit and humor and are created with exaggeration and sarcasm. Critics call this kind of work satirical literature. This kind of literature negates hideous people and affairs and social vices mainly by exposing the abominable, despicable or ridiculous objects. Satirical literature plays a very important role in the history of Chinese and Western literature. Although it is not the greatest literary type, it is one of the fighting and creative forms of literature. Chekhov, as a bright star of European literature at the end of 19th century, although his artistic characteristics are not all satirical, but his satire idea and writing method is rich and unique, therefore, Naturally, they have also become one of the objects for Chinese modern writers to study overseas. Some modern Chinese writers who are good at satire, their thoughts and strokes are basically the ways to integrate the traditional literature of these excellent foreign writers. Including the fusion of literature and aesthetics, not only inherited the national heritage, but also selectively ingested foreign nutrients. With their own unique artistic personality, they made the "May 4th" new literature satire and satirical strokes. Aesthetic ideal and life experience are another unique expression and important part of Chinese new literature. The first part reviews the research status, purpose and significance of the research on the enlightenment and influence of Chekhov's satirical writing on modern Chinese writers at home and abroad. The second part briefly expounds the development and background of foreign satirical literature, and mainly discusses the satirical idea of Chekhov's novels and the artistic image of his works. Aesthetic ideal and life experience to reflect the creation of some sarcastic strokes. The third part mainly discusses Lu Xun's views on satire as the pioneer and pioneer of modern Chinese literary satire, and pays attention to the reform of national character from the character image. This paper probes into the similarities and differences between his novel creation and Chekhov's satirical writing techniques. Part 4th discusses the inheritance and improvement of Chekhov's satirical style in the novels of Zhang Tianyi, a famous satirist in the period of left wing literature. This paper makes a simple analysis of the similarities and differences between Chekhov's satire idea and writing method to Lu Xun and Zhang Tianyi's novel creation, from the aspects of creative personality, artistic image and aesthetic ideal, etc. The main purpose of this paper is to expound Chekhov's satirical pen's enlightenment and influence on modern Chinese writers and satirical novels.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I106.4-03

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