用替罪羊机制来解读《最蓝的眼睛》

发布时间：2018-02-11 03:50

本文关键词： 托尼·莫里森《最蓝的眼睛》勒内·吉拉尔迫害范式替罪羊机制白人价值观　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：托尼·莫里森是美国第一位荣获诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家，，她的作品深切关注黑人在双重文化冲突中的生存境遇及精神世界，是二十世纪美国黑人文学大潮中最闪亮的明珠之一。莫里森的处女作《最蓝的眼睛》发表于1970年，文中描绘了一个12岁黑人小女孩儿佩科拉的悲惨遭遇，体现了美国白人文化价值观，尤其是审美标准对黑人种族的影响和戕害。 “替罪羊”在人类文明史上由来已久。法国著名的文学批评家勒内·吉拉尔从文本中的迫害事实进一步构建出了替罪羊理论体系。从众多文学作品中吉拉尔梳理出迫害文本的四类范式：社会危机的出现、受害者的明显特征、指控受害者的罪行和暴力自身。在替罪羊迫害范式基础上吉拉尔又进一步探讨了替罪羊机制的运行。《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉被挑选、被指控、被迫害的过程以及给黑人群体的精神反思与吉拉尔的替罪羊理论的迫害范式和替罪羊机制相契合。本文旨在将黑人民族内部的的迫害置于吉拉尔的替罪羊理论之下，试图从在白人主流文化的统治下黑人价值观的扭曲来分析佩科拉的悲剧命运,促使黑人民族在构建自身身份认同与发展民族道路上进行反思并拥有新的方向。
[Abstract]:Tony Morrison was the first black woman writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in the United States. Her works are deeply concerned about the living conditions and spiritual world of black people in the context of the double cultural conflict. In 20th century, one of the brightest pearls in the tide of American black literature, Morrison's debut, the Bluest eyes, was published on 1970, depicting the tragic experience of a 12-year-old black girl, Pecora. It embodies the influence and harm of American white cultural values, especially aesthetic standards on black race. Scapegoat has a long history in the history of human civilization. Lene Gillard, a famous French literary critic, further constructs the scapegoat theory system from the fact of persecution in the text. Four paradigms of persecution: the emergence of social crisis, On the basis of scapegoat persecution paradigm, Gilal further explored the operation of the scapegoat mechanism. In the Bluest eyes, Pekola is selected and charged. The process of persecution and the spiritual introspection to the black community coincide with Gilard's scapegoat theory's persecution paradigm and scapegoat mechanism. This paper aims to put the persecution within the black nation under Gilar's scapegoat theory. This paper attempts to analyze the tragic fate of Pecora from the distortion of black values under the rule of the white mainstream culture, which urges the black people to reflect on and have a new direction in constructing their own identity and developing their national road.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074

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