默多克小说“唯我主义”爱情主题探究

发布时间：2018-02-20 15:38

本文关键词： 艾丽斯·默多克唯我主义爱情厄洛斯善　出处：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：艾丽斯·默多克是英国当代文坛享有盛名的作家之一,独特的创作风格与道德哲学理念使她在世界范围内享有盛誉。作为经历过二战的当代英国女性作家,有着哲学讲师、知识分子等多重身份的默多克,有着异于同时代作家的独特文学追求。她关注人,忠实于现实生活的描写,努力在小说中表达对道德和人性的理解,并试图通过英国中产阶级普通家庭生活的描写来展现人类普遍的生存状态和道德冲突。在创作成熟期——二十世纪七十年代,她创作出《一次相当体面的失败》、《黑王子》、《神圣的和亵渎的爱情机器》、《大海啊大海》等一系列作品,着重展现沉湎于精神幻想与唯我论的人物内心世界。小说主要展现了英国当代中产阶级家庭中的男女情爱纠葛,主人公渴望拥有完美的爱情,然而由于过度关注自我,沉浸在自我臆想的爱情逻辑中,并将这种逻辑武断地强加于对方,反而造成了爱情的悲剧。爱情与家庭是反复出现在默多克小说中的主题,她认为爱是到达真理的最近途径,处在爱情癫狂状态下的人们最有可能把人性中的美与丑全部表现出来。因此,具有超自然魔力的爱情获得默多克的青睐,成为其小说中的永恒主题。本文通过分析默多克“唯我主义”爱情主题,分析陷入自我臆想与自我迷恋的主人公形象,展示陷入“唯我主义”爱情——无法关注他者存在的情境：他们割裂了自我与外界的联系,生活陷入一种封闭式的世界,爱情成为主人公自爱的舞台,恋爱对象也成为主人公自我迷恋的镜像。在默多克小说中,众多人物身上都表现出唯我主义的特征,唯我主义的爱情普遍存在于人类的日常生活中而当事人却毫不知情。默多克试图通过对爱情本身的关注,意在表达达到真正的爱情的前提是走出唯我主义,净化欲望,关注他人存在。本文试图在国内外已有研究成果的基础上提供新的研究视角,关注默多克作品中爱情的描写,分析对她柏拉图爱欲理论的深化。论文第一章结合默多克的文学艺术观点、柏拉图爱欲理论的深化以及至善的道德理念的追寻等三方面原因,分析默多克书写爱情的缘由。在论文第二章,通过文本细读的方式分析唯我主义爱情的特征,以及人在低级形式的厄洛斯驱使下陷入盲目爱情的情形。论文第三章以柏拉图的洞穴隐喻为切入点,着重对唯我主义概念进行界定与分析,展示爱欲在突破唯我主义、追求至善理念过程中的重要性。爱欲是寻找善的动力源,为了在道德上变得更好,无论是艺术家还是普通人都需要坚定不移的的道德奋斗精神信念,打破个人沉醉其中的迷惑,把充满爱的目光投向身外广阔的世界,最终才有可能达到至善的世界。理解默多克笔下爱与善的关系,对于理解其深邃的道德哲学思想有着十分重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Alice Murdoch is one of the most famous writers in contemporary British literature. She has a worldwide reputation for her unique creative style and moral philosophy. As a contemporary British woman writer who experienced World War II, she has a lecturer in philosophy. Murdoch, who has many identities, such as intellectuals, has a unique literary pursuit different from that of contemporary writers. She pays attention to people, is faithful to the description of real life, and tries to express her understanding of morality and humanity in her novels. And try to show the universal living condition and moral conflict through the description of the ordinary family life of the middle class in England. In the period of creation maturity-1970s, She produced a series of works, such as A rather respectable failure, Prince Black, the Divine and blasphemous Love Machine, the Sea, the Sea, and so on. The novel focuses on the inner world of the characters who indulge in fantasy and solipsism. The novel mainly shows the relationship between men and women in the middle class family in England. The protagonist is eager to have perfect love, but because of his excessive attention to himself, Immersing in the logic of self-imagined love, and imposing it arbitrarily on the other side, leads to the tragedy of love. Love and family are recurring themes in Murdoch's novels, and she believes that love is the closest way to truth. Under the condition of love mania people are most likely to show all the beauty and ugliness in human nature. Therefore love with supernatural magic is favored by Rupert Murdoch and becomes the eternal theme in his novels. By analyzing the love theme of Murdoch's "solipsism", this paper analyzes the image of the protagonist who falls into self-imagination and self-infatuation. Show you fall into "solipsism" love-the situation where you can't pay attention to the existence of others: they separate the relationship between themselves and the outside world, life falls into a closed world, and love becomes the stage of the protagonist's self-love. The object of love has also become the mirror image of the hero's self-infatuation. In Murdoch's novels, many characters show the characteristics of solipsism. The love of solipsism exists in the daily life of human beings without the knowledge of the person concerned. By focusing on the love itself, Murdoch is trying to express that the premise of achieving true love is to go out of solipsism and purify his desire. Pay attention to the existence of others. This paper attempts to provide a new research perspective on the basis of the existing research results at home and abroad, pay attention to the description of love in Murdoch's works, and analyze the deepening of her Plato's theory of love. The first chapter combines Murdoch's literary and artistic viewpoints. The deepening of Plato's theory of Eros and the pursuit of the moral idea of the best are three reasons to analyze the reasons for Murdoch's writing of love. In the second chapter, the author analyzes the characteristics of solipsist love through the way of careful reading of the text. The third chapter takes Plato's cave metaphor as the starting point to define and analyze the concept of solipsism in order to show that love is breaking through solipsism. The importance of pursuing the idea of the greatest good. Love is the source of power to find the good. In order to become better morally, both artists and ordinary people need unswerving moral struggle spiritual beliefs to break the confusion in which individuals are intoxicated. It is very important to understand the relationship between love and goodness in Murdoch's works to understand his profound moral philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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