《蛹》中的遏制、虚构与颠覆

发布时间：2018-03-01 20:09

本文关键词： 约翰·福尔斯《蛹》虚构性颠覆狂欢　出处：《扬州大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约翰·福尔斯是享有世界声誉的英国当代作家。作为20世纪60年代英国作家中从现实主义向后现代主义转型的杰出代表,他的多部小说被奉为经典,但是国内外对其最后一部作品《蛹》的研究却寥寥无几。其实,与福尔斯前期小说相比,《蛹》无论在文本结构还是在小说主题上,都表现出更为强烈的革新意识,具有更为明显的后现代主义小说特征。在《蛹》中,福尔斯借用与传统小说模式迥异的文本形式,来表达他对权力意志、历史呈现、边缘化人物的独特理解。第一章聚焦于后现代文化语境中,人们对权力意志的新诠释。福尔斯认为,权力的本质即是人们所共同遵守和认同的知识与惯例,凭借这些知识与惯例,权力才得以实现它对所有力量的含纳作用。对权力运作规律的揭示脱冕了固有的政治秩序的神圣性。在《蛹》中,福尔斯将大量的证人供词、新闻报道、私人信函等非传统文类植入其中,并构成这部小说的主体。尤为重要的是,这些证人供词之间以及它们与其他文本之间,形成了明显的对话关系。在它们的对话及冲突中,固有的等级秩序被颠覆与瓦解。第二章探讨《蛹》中的历史观。尽管福尔斯宣称《蛹》是一部历史小说,但是谎言、荒野、孤镇、破旧旅馆等奇幻与边缘元素的频繁出现为这部小说蒙上一层神秘主义面纱。尤其值得注意的是,大量异质性文本的杂糅使得这部小说的核心事件(巴塞罗谬失踪之谜)变得更加扑朔迷离,同时也引发读者对这部小说所谓历史呈现的真实性的怀疑。其实,任何历史文本都无法规避书写者的个人情感和价值取向,它们不过是书写者个人意志和臆想的体现。因此任何单一的文本都具有片面性,只有在众多文本的对话中才能更加接近历史真相。第三章分析《蛹》中的小人物群体。为了进一步突显小说中的平等对话精神,福尔斯刻意塑造了一群游荡在边缘地带的狂欢式人物。他们怪异的行为举止和话语方式为小说营造了浓烈的狂欢氛围,同时也蕴藏着强烈的“降格”倾向和颠覆潜能。总之,在《蛹》中,通过突显历史的虚构性和狂欢人物的颠覆潜能,福尔斯力图建立文本间的平等对话,让处于边缘地带的小人物发出自己的声音,创造一个更为自由的世界。这不仅是对权力意志的挑战,也是对传统的文学创作模式的逾越。
[Abstract]:John Fowles is a contemporary British writer with a world reputation. In 1960s, as an outstanding representative of the transition from realism to postmodernism, many of his novels were regarded as classics. However, there has been very little research at home and abroad on his last work, Pupa. In fact, compared with Fowles' earlier novels, Pupa shows a stronger sense of innovation both in the structure of the text and in the theme of the novel. It has more obvious features of postmodernism novels. In Pupa, Fowles expresses his unique understanding of power will, historical presentation, and marginalized characters by using textual forms that are very different from traditional novel models. The first chapter focuses on the post-modern cultural context. A new interpretation of the will to power. Fowles believes that the essence of power is the knowledge and practice that people abide by and agree with. Power is able to realize its inclusive effect on all forces. The revelation of the law of power's operation is the sanctity of the inherent political order. In Puppa, Fowles confesses a large number of witnesses and reports the news. Private letters and other non-traditional texts are implanted and form the subject of the novel. What is particularly important is that these witness confessions, and between them and other texts, form a clear dialogue relationship... in their dialogues and conflicts, The inherent hierarchical order was subverted and disintegrated. The second chapter discusses the historical view in Pupa. Although Fowles claims that Pupa is a historical novel, it is a lie, a wilderness, a lonely town. The frequent emergence of fantasy and fringe elements, such as dilapidated hotels, puts a veil of mysticism on the novel. The amalgamation of a large number of heterogeneous texts makes the core events of the novel (the mystery of Bartholomew's disappearance) even more complicated and confusing, and at the same time raises readers' doubts about the authenticity of the so-called historical presentation of the novel. In fact, No historical text can avoid the personal emotion and value orientation of the writer, but they are the embodiment of the writer's personal will and imagination. Therefore, any single text has a one-sidedness. Only in the dialogue of many texts can we get closer to the historical truth. The third chapter analyzes the group of small figures in "pupa". In order to further highlight the spirit of equal dialogue in the novel, Fowles deliberately molded a group of carnival characters wandering on the edge. Their strange behavior and words created a strong carnival atmosphere for the novel, but also contained a strong tendency of "demotion" and subversive potential. In short, in Puppa, by highlighting the fictional nature of history and the subversive potential of revelry characters, Fowles tries to establish a dialogue of equality between the texts so that small people on the margins can make their voices heard. To create a freer world is not only a challenge to the will of power, but also a transgression of the traditional literary creation model.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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