从生态女性主义角度下评析《弗兰肯斯坦》

发布时间：2018-03-09 00:32

本文选题：生态女性主义　切入点：玛丽·雪莱　出处：《南昌航空大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1818年在英国出版的《弗兰肯斯坦》是一本在西方文学史中拥有深远意义的经典小说。它不仅是玛丽·雪莱的第一部作品，也是世界上第一本科幻小说。这部作品笔锋犀利，带有强烈的个人色彩。它是女性哥特式小说的代表，同时也体现了玛丽·雪莱的生态女性主义观。对研究女性与自然，人类与自然，男性与女性的联系，以及构建生物多样的和谐社会提出了前瞻性的见解。生态女性主义作为一门新兴学科，吸收了女性主义和生态主义的基本观点，致力于解放妇女和自然。它批判人类中心主义和男性中心主义，反对任何形式的二元对立，为自然和女性立言，呼吁构建和谐共存的多元社会。该论文结合生态女性主义的基本观点，采用文本细读的方法，选取典型文段分析《弗兰肯斯坦》中蕴含的生态女性主义观。论文首先从介绍玛丽·雪莱的生平、《弗兰肯斯坦》的创作背景入手，阐释了作品中折射的生态女性主义理论观点。其次通过具体分析作品中女性与自然在家庭和社会地位及其遭遇，揭示自然和女性在男权社会中被压迫的事实与细节，体现了弗兰肯斯坦家庭悲剧对父权制的警示：男性对自然和女性的压迫必将遭到报复。通过分析文中对自然、女性的描写和相关情节的处理，挖掘玛丽·雪莱的多元文化理念。最后从叙事方式和人物形象两个方面阐述玛丽·雪莱生态女性主义观的局限性。通过研究，论文作者发现玛丽·雪莱在《弗兰肯斯坦》中表现了她的生态女性主义意识。她把性别和自然联系起来，并提出人类对自然的压迫和男性对女性的压迫的是同源的——她以一种科学毁灭人类的极端方式严厉地批评了男性统治下男性对女性生产力的漠视和对女性社会权利的剥夺。相比同时期的作家，她前瞻性的预测科学给社会带来发展的同时也将会带来了不可弥补的灾难。除此之外，作者还发现文中反映了玛丽·雪莱对女性和自然的关注和高扬。她肯定了自然和女性在社会和家庭中的作用和价值，提出了解决人与自然，男性与女性冲突的办法是男性融入自然、融入家庭。人类只有回归自然、融入自然，才能构建人与自然，男性与女性和谐相处的多元文化。然而作为早期女性作家，不可否认她的思想局限性。文本以男性叙事为主，同时女性的形象较多地停留在传统的父权社会对女性的描述上，，这正反映了玛丽·雪莱对自身身份的担忧。她不敢完全地反抗男权社会，而是以一种隐晦的方式表示她对父权制的不满和对生态的关注。运用生态女性主义思想来解读文本，不仅能够帮助读者更好地理解作品，而且拓宽了研究《弗兰肯斯坦》的研究视角，也唤起人们对生态危机的关注和构建人与自然和谐相处社会的重要性。
[Abstract]:Franken Stein, published in Britain in 1818, is a classic novel of profound significance in the history of Western literature. It is not only Mary Shelley's first work, but also the world's first science fiction. It is the representative of female Gothic novels, and it also embodies Mary Shelley's view of ecological feminism. It studies the relationship between women and nature, between human beings and nature, between men and women, and between men and women. And the construction of biological diversity of the harmonious society put forward a forward-looking view. Eco-feminism, as a new discipline, absorbs the basic viewpoints of feminism and ecologicalism, and devotes itself to liberating women and nature. It criticizes anthropocentrism and male-centrism and opposes any form of dualistic opposition. For the sake of nature and women, this paper calls for the construction of a harmonious and co-existing pluralistic society. This paper combines the basic views of ecological feminism and adopts the method of text reading. This paper analyzes the ecological feminism in Franken Stein. First of all, the thesis introduces Mary Shelley's life and the background of Franken Stein's creation. It explains the ecological feminism theory of reflection in the works. Secondly, through the concrete analysis of the position of women and nature in family and society and their experiences, it reveals the fact and details of the oppression of nature and women in the patriarchal society. It reflects the warning of the Franken family tragedy to patriarchy: male oppression of nature and women is bound to be retaliated. Through the analysis of the description of nature, women and related plots, Finally, the limitations of Mary Shelley's ecological feminism are expounded from two aspects: narrative style and character image. Through her research, the author finds that Mary Shelley shows her eco-feminist consciousness in Franken Stein. She links gender to nature. And it is pointed out that the oppression of nature by man and the oppression of women by men are of the same origin, and she severely criticizes men's disregard for women's productivity and their social rights to women in an extreme way of destroying mankind scientifically. The deprivation of profit. Compared with the writers of the same period, Her forward-looking forecasting science will bring about irreparable disasters as well as social development. The author also found that Mary Shelley's concern for and exaltation of women and nature was reflected in the text. She affirmed the role and value of nature and women in society and family, and proposed solutions to human beings and nature. The conflict between men and women is the integration of men into nature and into the family. Only when we return to nature and integrate into nature can we build a multi-culture of harmony between man and nature, men and women. However, as an early female writer, There is no denying the limitations of her thoughts. The text is dominated by male narration, while the image of women stays in the traditional patriarchal society's description of women. This is a reflection of Mary Shelley's concern about her identity. She dares not fully resist the patriarchal society, but rather expresses her dissatisfaction with patriarchy and her concern for ecology in an obscure way. The use of ecological feminism to interpret the text can not only help readers better understand the works, but also broaden the perspective of the study of Franken Stein. It also arouses people's attention to ecological crisis and the importance of building a harmonious society between man and nature.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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