劳伦斯短篇小说中的非理性因素

发布时间：2018-03-10 02:34

  本文选题：劳伦斯短篇小说　切入点：非理性　出处：《东北农业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：戴赫劳伦斯(1885-1930)是英国文学史上最杰出的现代主义作家之一。他才华横溢，涉猎广泛，他不仅是一个作家，还在诗歌、散文、戏剧、评论、翻译和绘画等方面取得了卓越的成绩。在劳伦斯的一生，他一直对人的血性、本能、肉体等被工业文明压抑的生命冲动给予了极大的重视。这位天资禀赋的作家对艺术的探索之路却并不平坦，外界对他的作品长期处于批评和禁止。直到他逝世三十年后，这种状态才有所改变，在较短的时间里他的小说被广泛传阅，成为了英国乃至世界范围内文学研究的对象之一。从总体来说，劳伦斯在小说方面取得的成就是极其巨大的，但是由于各种原因，他的短篇小说却一直并未重视起来。而实际上，劳伦斯的短篇小说作品篇幅短小精悍，文章的主题鲜明，情节上冲突集中，所以劳伦斯的短篇小说同样是优秀的、值得研究的作品。基于这种情况，本篇论文并未以劳伦斯长篇小说和诗歌作为研究对象，而是将研究视线集中于他的短篇小说上，着重探讨其短篇小说中表现出来的非理性因素，希望有助于对这位伟大的作家及其短篇小说有更深、更创新的认识。 本文一共分为五章，第一章简要介绍了劳伦斯的一生、国内外劳伦斯小说文献综述以及研究的目的、意义和方法。第二章分析了非理性和非理性主义，界定了非理性和非理性主义以及探讨了两者之间的关系。非理性是人类的基本精神现象和认知形式；而非理性主义是一种社会思潮，二者之间的关系是源与流的关系。随后作者探讨了劳伦斯短篇小说中的非理性特征，首先是非逻辑性。在劳伦斯的短篇小说中，一些人物的行为是一种无意识不符合逻辑的行为。并不按照生活逻辑和日常经验的轨道发展，更不受社会礼仪，道德的调节和规范。其次是情绪性。在劳伦斯的小说中，我们可以看到人物的情绪突然失控，做出不符本人惯常习惯的行为。最后是非语言性。在劳伦斯小说中，唤醒人物的本能欲望往往是通过一些动作而不是语言。 第三章对劳伦斯代表性的三部短篇小说《请买票》、《普鲁士军官》和《马贩的女儿》中的非理性因素进行详尽的分析。在《请买票》中，男主人公托马斯为了满足自己短暂的快乐不断和不同的女人来往，这符合叔本华的非理性主义的悲观论。女主人公安妮在和托马斯的交往中不仅想要从肉体上占有托马斯更想要从精神上占有托马斯，这是安妮的生存意志客观化的结果，并且全篇充斥着本我和超我的冲突。在《普鲁士军官》中，上尉和勤务兵都是无意识的在对方身上寻求存在的意义，他们之间身体的对话具有强烈的性的暗示，在上尉对勤务兵的折磨中，士兵逐渐唤醒了自己的生命本能。在《马贩的女儿》中，在男女主人公身上都体现了两种本能的相互对抗，男女主人公本我的回归，使他们有了在社会中生存和打破束缚的勇气。血性意识的冲动使男女主人公获得了新生和爱情。 第四章说明了劳伦斯对非理性主义的继承和突破。受叔本华的生存意志的影响，劳伦斯把生存意志作为人物行动的基本动力，这主要表现为向性力和精神占有欲。受尼采的生命理论的影响，劳伦斯赞美躯体，重视生命的内在能量，对现代工业文明进行了深刻的批判。受弗洛伊德的精神分析的影响，劳伦斯承认俄狄浦斯情节的存在。弗洛伊德与劳伦斯都把无意识与文明对立起来，，但劳伦斯认为无意识是原初的创造性力量，是生活的源泉。弗洛伊德强调要建立稳定的人格必须使“本我”，“自我”和“超我”这三者的冲突和斗争保持平衡，劳伦斯也认同这一点。 最后一章得出结论。非理性和非理性主义既有区别又有联系。正确对待二者之间的关系有助于读者更好地理解劳伦斯的短篇小说。劳伦斯的短篇小说具有非逻辑性，情绪性和非语言性的非理性特征。劳伦斯的创作深受非理性主义的影响。叔本华的生存意志，尼采的生命理论以及弗洛伊德的精神分析理论都成为了劳伦斯创作的思想基础。非理性主义哲学丰富和深化了劳伦斯对现代人心理世界的理解，加强了他的小说的社会批判力，使人物形象更加丰满，主题更加鲜明。劳伦斯着力表现非理性的精神世界，并在人类潜意识的纯真状态中看到了真正的美和希望。我们应该看到非理性的积极方面，理解和相信非理性的力量，追求真实的自我，获得新生。总之，对劳伦斯作品中的非理性因素的深入研究将为整个劳伦斯的研究提供了一个新的角度。
[Abstract]:Day Beh Lawrence (1885-1930) is one of the most outstanding writers in the history of English literature. He covered a wide range, full of wit, he is not only a writer, in poetry, prose, drama, commentary, translation and painting has made remarkable achievements. In Laurence's life, he has been on the bloody, instinct. The body is industrial civilization to suppress the lives of the impulse given great attention. The exploration of art gifted writers but the road is not smooth, outside of his works in criticism and banned. Until he died thirty years later, this was changed, in a relatively short period of time in his novels is widely circulate, become one of the research object of literature in English and world range. In general, Laurence has made achievements in the novel is extremely huge, but due to various reasons, in his short stories Has not paid attention to it. In fact, Laurence's short fiction short in form and the theme of this article is bright, concentrated conflict plot, so Laurence's short stories is also good, worthy of study works. Based on this situation, this paper did not appear to Laurence's novels and poetry as the research object, but the line of sight in his short stories, focusing on the show in his short stories of irrational factors, hope to help more of the great writer of short stories, more innovative knowledge.
This paper is divided into five chapters, the first chapter briefly introduces the life of Laurence Laurence's novels at home and abroad, literature review, research purpose, significance and methods. The second chapter analyzes the non rational and non rational, the definition of non rational and non rationalism and to explore the relationship between the two. The irrational phenomenon is the basic spirit of human cognition and form; irrationalism is a social trend, the relationship between the two is the relationship between the source and flow. Then the author discusses the irrational features in Laurence's short stories, the first is non logical. In Laurence's short stories, some people's behavior is a kind of unconscious not logical behavior. Not in accordance with the logic of life and daily experience of the track, but not by social etiquette, moral regulation and norms. Second is emotional. In Laurence's novels, we can see the people Things are suddenly out of control and inconsistent with their habitual habits. Finally, it is nonverbal. In Laurence's novels, the instinctive desire to awaken characters is usually through actions rather than language.
Please buy a ticket for the third chapter Laurence > three representative novels < < the irrational factors, the Prussian officer "and" horsecouper daughter > in the detailed analysis in the < > ticket please. Thomas, the hero in order to satisfy their own happiness constantly and different women, which is consistent with the non rational Karl Schopenhauer's pessimism. The heroine in Anne and Thomas exchanges not only want to physically occupy Thomas want more from the spiritual possession of Thomas, this is Anne's survival will objective results, and it was full of conflicts ID and superego. In "the Prussian officer", Captain and batsman is seeking the meaning of existence of the unconscious on the other side, the dialogue between their bodies has hinted strongly at the captain, to orderly torture, soldiers gradually awakened his life instinct. In "horse. In the daughter's >, there are two kinds of instinctive antagonism between the hero and the heroine. The return of the hero and heroine makes them have the courage to survive and break the bondage in the society. The impulse of blood consciousness makes the hero and heroine get the new life and love.
The fourth chapter explains the Laurence inheritance and breakthrough ofirrationalism. Under the influence of Schopenhauer's survival will, Laurence will to survive as the basic power of the action, which is mainly manifested in sexual and spiritual possessive. Influenced by Nietzsche's life theory, Laurence praised the body, the inner energy of life, for the modern industrial civilization had a profound criticism. Affected by the analysis of the spirit of Freud, Laurence admitted the existence of "oedipuscomplex". Freud and Laurence have no consciousness and civilization in opposition, but Laurence thought that the unconscious is the original creative force, is the source of life. Freud stressed the need to establish a stable personality must make "Id", "ego conflict and struggle" and "superego" of the three balance, Laurence also agree with this point.
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