《鲁滨逊漂流记》的生态批评解读

发布时间：2018-03-20 20:15

本文选题：丹尼尔·笛福　切入点：《鲁滨逊漂流记》　出处：《四川师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摘要丹尼尔·笛福(Daniel Defoe,1660-1731)是英国18世纪第一位现实主义小说家,他被誉为“英国小说之父”且以写实的手法而闻名于世。他发表了众多脍炙人口的作品,其中第一部小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe,1791)发表后,立马获得了成功,同时也被认为是继《圣经》后广为阅读的一部著作,故而深受历代中西方读者的青睐。该著作不仅展现了主人公的勇敢,而且也体现了资本主义的进取精神和启蒙意识。该小说主人公鲁滨逊·克罗索(Robinson Crusoe)被认为是第一个资产阶级的正面典型,因而笛福也被认为是西方新兴资产阶级的代言人。然而,后殖民评论家和生态评论家对这部经典却持有不同的看法,他们认为当克罗索为了建造一个属于自己的殖民地而去征服自然和人类时,此时的他不再单纯的是位勤劳的劳动者,更是一位贪婪的资产者和殖民者。他并不满足于自己所拥有的,而是渴望拥有更多的财富和更高的权利。这完全有悖于生态批评的基本观点,即生物圈的每一实体都享有平等权利。因此,笔者通过生态批评的视角从自然、性别、种族这三个方面来分析克罗索的殖民行径。如今克罗索不再是名民族英雄,而是成为西方殖民主义思想的代表。首先,克罗索对土地、动物及植物的剥削和占有,反映出他反自然的本性,同时也暴露出他的贪婪和功利主义的个性。再者,文本也体现出克罗索对女性的性别歧视。作品中女性人物成为男性的附属品,如同自然一样仅仅享有工具价值,并丢失了她们的身份。最后,由于种族因素而被认为是低人一等的土著人,被克罗索剥夺了最基本的人身权利,以及进行文化殖民,而这些行径都反映了他的殖民主义思想。克罗索不仅把自己的意志强加于自然,而且还运用现代工具操控、剥削动物、妇女以及土著人,从而展现了一个新的克罗索形象。这种见解会对后来的读者和作家产生深远的影响,因为这种反传统的新形象会让读者对这部经典有新的认识,同时也让人们对生态危机的历史文化根源有更为深刻、更为全面了解,进而探寻更为全面、更为现实,且能指引人们走出环境危机的文化路径。
[Abstract]:Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) is the first realistic novelist in England in 18th century. He is known as "the father of English novels" and is famous for his realism. He has published many popular works. The first novel, Robinson Crusoeh1791, was immediately successful and was considered to be a widely read book after the Bible. This book not only shows the heroine's bravery, And it also reflects the enterprising spirit and enlightenment of capitalism. The protagonist, Robinson Crusoe, is considered to be the first positive example of the bourgeoisie. Defoe is therefore considered a spokesman for the emerging bourgeoisie in the West. However, postcolonial critics and ecological critics hold different views on the classic. They thought that when Crosso conquered nature and man in order to build a colony of his own, he was no longer simply an industrious laborer. And a greedy asset and colonist. He wasn't satisfied with what he had, he wanted more wealth and more power. This was completely contrary to the basic idea of ecological criticism. Therefore, from the perspective of ecological criticism, the author analyzes Crosso's colonial behavior from three aspects: nature, sex and race. Today Crosso is no longer a national hero, but a representative of Western colonialism. First, Crosso's exploitation and possession of land, animals and plants reflect his antinatural nature. It also reveals his greed and utilitarian personality. Moreover, the text also reflects Crosso's sexism against women. Finally, the aborigines, considered inferior because of their race, were deprived of their most basic personal rights and cultural colonization by Crosso, all of which reflected his colonial ideas. Crosso not only imposed his will on nature, but also used modern tools to manipulate and exploit animals, women and indigenous peoples. Thus showing a new image of Crosso, which will have a profound impact on later readers and writers, because this new image of anti-tradition will give readers a new understanding of the classic. At the same time, it also makes people have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the historical and cultural roots of the ecological crisis, and then explore a more comprehensive, more realistic, and can guide people out of the environmental crisis of the cultural path.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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