试论《飞越疯人院》的原型表现手法

发布时间：2018-03-27 14:37

本文选题：原型批评　切入点：《飞越疯人院》　出处：《上海交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：发表于一九六二年的小说《飞越疯人院》是美国反文化运动先驱肯·凯西的代表作，小说通过一位装聋作哑的印第安人在疯人院的所见所闻，反映美国社会体制对人性的压制和束缚，同时表达人类对自由和个性的向往。本论文将尝试运用弗莱关于神话原型的批评理论对小说《飞越疯人院》从原型人物以及原型意象两方面进行表现手法方面的研究。论文选取小说主人公麦克墨菲为原型人物代表，主要讨论其担负起耶稣基督救赎的使命，不惜牺牲自己解救他人，使其能够“飞越疯人院”。另一原型人物为比利，作为麦克墨菲的忠实信徒，他从一名口吃、懦弱的病人转变成一位敢于彰显个性的正常人。但是在护士长的威胁下他最终选择了自杀,背叛了麦克墨菲追求自由的“教义”，俨然是基督教中犹大的形象。从另一个角度，比利如同古希腊神话中的俄狄浦斯王，比利母亲对其病态、畸形的爱导致其极端的不自信，无法像其他年轻人一样融入社会。通过对小说原型人物的深入分析，本章表达了人类对于自由和个性的无限向往。在原型意象方面，，论文首先将圣经中水的意象与小说中建造在布罗姆登酋长家乡的水电站坝以及麦克墨菲组织的出海垂钓航行联系起来；水电站坝如圣经中的洪水一样摧毁了布罗姆登的族群，而出海航行又如圣经中的浸礼仪式，净化了病人的心灵同时重建了他们对于生活的信心。由此可以看出，水的原型意象兼具建造和摧毁双重效果。其次，小说中的疯人院与圣经中的地狱极为相似，充满了各种严酷制度和惨无人道的刑罚；而作为医院掌控者的大护士长则是一位慈眉善目掩盖下的毒蛇形象。通过将小说的意象与圣经相应的意象联系起来，本章反映出美国社会对人的束缚以及摧残人性的本质。通过对小说《飞越疯人院》多个原型人物和意象的深入分析，本论文从多角度、多侧面展现美国社会体制对人性的束缚以及人类追求自由个性的愿望，深化了小说的主旨。
[Abstract]:Published in 1962, Flying over the madhouse is the masterpiece of Ken Kathy, the pioneer of the American anticultural movement, who sees and hears from a deaf-mute Indian in a madhouse. Reflecting the suppression and restraint of human nature by the American social system, This thesis attempts to use Frey's criticism of mythological archetypes to study the performance of the novel "Flying over the madhouse" from two aspects: archetypal characters and archetypal images. The thesis chooses McMurphy as the archetypal character, mainly discusses his mission to save others at the expense of himself, so that he can "fly over the madhouse". The other archetypal character is Billy. As a faithful believer of McMurphy, he turned from a stuttering, cowardly patient to a normal man who dared to show his personality. But under the threat of the head nurse, he finally chose to commit suicide. Betraying McMurphy's "doctrine" of freedom, like Judas in Christianity. On the other hand, Billy, like the ancient Greek mythology of Oedipus, his mother's morbid, deformed love led to an extreme lack of confidence. Unable to integrate into society like other young people. Through an in-depth analysis of the archetypal characters of the novel, this chapter expresses mankind's boundless yearning for freedom and individuality. In terms of archetypal imagery, The paper first links the biblical image of water to the hydroelectric dam built in the novel in the hometown of Chief Blumdon and the sailing of McMurphy's group to sea; the dam, like a biblical flood, destroys the Blumdon community. Sailing at sea is like the baptism of the Bible, purifying the souls of patients and rebuilding their faith in life. From this, we can see that the archetypal image of water has the dual effects of construction and destruction. The madhouse in the novel is very similar to the hell in the Bible, full of all kinds of harsh institutions and inhuman punishment; The head nurse, who is the master of the hospital, is a viper under the cover of kindness. By linking the images of the novel with the corresponding images of the Bible, this chapter reflects the nature of the bondage and destruction of human nature by American society. Through the in-depth analysis of several archetypal characters and images in the novel "Flying over the insane asylum", this thesis reveals the restraint of American social system to human nature and the desire of human beings to pursue free personality from many angles and facets, and deepens the purport of the novel.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【共引文献】