弗洛伊德人格结构理论视角下关于《一个女人》的主人公叶子心理的考察

发布时间：2018-03-27 17:16

本文选题：人格结构　切入点：本我　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：有岛武郎的代表作《一个女人》讲述了主人公早月叶子作为一个先于时代觉醒的女性,执着地追求本能生活,最终走向毁灭的故事。作品发表之后受到好评,吸引了众多研究者的目光,因此关于其的先行研究数量也颇多。具体来说主要有主题论、形式论、以及作家论等。在谈及叶子毁灭的原因时,更多的学者将其归结到社会方面,认为当时的社会不能容忍叶子这样勇于追求自我的女性。但是,单纯地将主人公叶子毁灭的原因定论为来自社会的压迫未免有些牵强。社会的压迫只是导致叶子悲剧产生的外部原因,叶子作为社会中一个独立的个体,她的所作所为必定是在其特定的心理状态下产生的结果,因此叶子自身的心理问题才是其毁灭的根本性原因。弗洛伊德将人格视为从内部控制行为的一种心理机制,这种内部心理机制决定着一个人在一切给定情境中的行为特征或行为模式。而完整的人格机构由本我、自我和超我组成,三者之间相互作用,相互联系。本我不顾现实,只要求满足欲望,寻求快乐;超我按照道德准则对人的欲望和行为多加限制,而自我则活动于本我和超我之间,它以现实条件实行本我的欲望,又要服从超我的强制规则。本文从弗洛伊德的人格结构理论的视角出发,分析了叶子人格结构中的本我、自我和超我,旨在明确叶子的毁灭是由于其人格结构三者的失衡而导致。通过本文的分析,我们可以更加深入地理解叶子的行为,以及其行为背后隐藏的深层心理。文章正文分为三个部分,分别分析叶子人格结构中的本我、自我和超我。第一部分从三个方面论述叶子的本我。弗氏指出,本我包含要求得到眼前满足的一切本能的驱动力,它按照快乐原则行事,一味追求满足。叶子强大的本我首先表现在其追求物质享乐方面。追求舒适的生活可谓是人的本能,然而叶子的物质欲望却已经超乎了正常人的理性范围。她不考虑家庭的窘境以及需要抚养的妹妹和女儿,纵情地挥霍金钱来满足其对于物质的追求。此外,在与仓地同居之后,她仍然从善良的木村那里骗取钱财。其次,与叶子的物质欲望相比,她对肉欲的追求则更加强烈。叶子是一个以即时享乐为生命的女人,她讨厌前夫木部贫弱的体质和他贪婪的欲望,尽管她已经怀有木部的孩子,她毅然与木部分手。在赴美的船上,叶子与事务长仓地邂逅。看到仓地如“野兽”一般充满力量的身体,叶子感到了体内无法抑制的冲动。终于,本我强大的力量将叶子引上了不归之路,她与仓地发生了关系,并向木村谎称身体不适而回国。与仓地的肉欲生活不仅加剧了生理疾病的恶化,更导致她患上了歇斯底里。最后,叶子的本我体现在她通过玩弄男性来获得心理上的满足这一点。叶子是个集美貌与智慧于一身的女人,很多男性被她所吸引。她将自己的美貌作为武器,用自己的才智来征服男性。她意识到男人接近她的目的,并总能在适当的时机将接近他的男性无情地抛弃。通过这样的行为,叶子的征服欲望得到了满足。第二部分论述叶子的自我。自我处于本我和超我之间,代表着理性和机智,它按照现实原则行事,充当仲裁者的角色。自我的心理能量大部分消耗在对本我的控制和压抑上。由本我产生的各种需求,因受到超我的限制,不能在现实中立即满足,因此个体需要自我的协调。叶子的自我未能有效地调解本我、超我与现实的冲突和斗争,因而经常陷入焦虑。为了减少不安和焦虑,自我采取了诸如压抑、合理化等防御机制。但是由于其自我的力量过于弱小,最终屈服于强大的本我。为了满足本我的欲望,叶子抛弃了所有她认为阻碍她与仓地结合的事物。一方面,本我要求她与仓地的纵情生活,另一方面叶子为了满足自己的物质欲望一直与木村保持着若即若离的关系。此外,叶子为了报答仓地做出的牺牲,甚至决定忍痛与唯一的女儿定子断绝关系。第三部分论述叶子发展不完全的超我。超我作为人格结构中居于管制地位的最高部分,由社会道德规范、个体的良心、自我理想等构成。它按照道德原则行事,指导自我,限制本我,是内在化的父母价值观念和社会道德。叶子超我的不完全,首先是由于其家庭和学校教育的失效导致。叶子出生于一个基督教氛围浓厚的家庭,按理说她应该有比别人更强的自我控制力。然而由于其父母各自忙于自己的事业,未能在家庭教育中对叶子进行正确的引导,以致于她在生活中处处依照本能行事。此外,叶子对学校基督教式的教育一直抱有抵抗之心,对于学校向学生们灌输的各种规范嗤之以鼻,她从未将学校的规范作为自己行动的标准。可以说学校教育对叶子也失去了应有的作用。其次,叶子是个先于时代觉醒的女子,这导致她对社会既成的封建传统道德抱有强烈的反抗之心。然而,她不彻底的觉醒又使她未能正确有效地反抗社会。结果,叶子只能以性的放纵来对抗男性社会。发展不完全的超我无法抑制其本我的无理要求,最终使叶子偏离社会的轨道越来越远。通过深入分析主人公叶子的人格结构,本文试图揭示叶子行为背后的心理过程,研究其本能的冲动与外部世界和超我之间的矛盾冲突,找出其走向毁灭的内部原因。本文最后得出结论,叶子拥有强大的本我、软弱的自我和发展不完全的超我,其人格结构发展的不平衡导致她最终走向毁灭。
[Abstract]:Yujima Takero's masterpiece "a woman" tells the story of the hero leaves early as a month ahead of time the awakening of women, in pursuit of the instinct of life, ultimately to destroy the story. The works published after well received, has attracted the attention of researchers, so a number of advance the study also specifically is mainly a lot. Have on the theme, form theory, and so on. The writer talked about the reasons for the destruction of the leaves, more scholars attributed to the social aspects that the society can not tolerate such courage to pursue self leaves women. However, simply the reason why the hero leaves the conclusion from the destruction of social oppression is somewhat far fetched. The external cause of social oppression is the tragedy of the leaves, the leaves as an individual in the society, she must be in the specific the doings of mental state property The results of the psychological problems of their own, so the leaves is the fundamental reasons for its destruction. Freud will be regarded as a kind of personality from the psychological mechanism of internal control behavior, the internal psychological mechanism determines the behavior of a person or behavior patterns in all given situations. And the integrity mechanism is composed of ID, ego and superego, interaction between the three relations. I ignore reality, only to meet the requirements of the desire to seek happiness; superego in accordance with ethical norms of human desire and behavior of many restrictions between ID and super ego activity I, it takes the conditions for the implementation of self desire, must obey the compulsory rules of the superego. This article is based on Freud's theory of personality structure perspective, analysis of the leaves of the personality structure of ID, ego and superego, to clear the destruction of leaves is due to the personality structure of the three Due to the imbalance. Through this analysis, we can understand the behavior of the leaves more deeply, and the hidden behind the deep psychological behavior. This paper is divided into three parts, respectively analysis of leaves of the personality structure of ID, ego and superego. The first part discusses three aspects from the leaves of self. Freud pointed out that I include the driving force for all eyes meet by instinct, it is acting in accordance with the principle of happiness, the pursuit of self satisfied. Strong leaves the first performance in its pursuit of material enjoyment. The pursuit of a comfortable life is the people, but leaves the material desire but is already beyond the rational range of normal people. She don't think of family dilemma and to raise the sister and daughter, indulge in money to meet the pursuit of material. In addition, after kurachi cohabitation, she still from the village of good wood There cheat money. Secondly, compared with the leaves of material desires, her pursuit of sensual is more intense. The leaves are an instant pleasure for the life of the woman, her husband hate poor physique and his kibe greedy desires, although she has a gibe child, she resolutely and part of the wood in the United States. The ship leaves and long transaction encounters. See bin as the "beast" is filled with the body, the body feel leaves compulsion. Finally, I will be strong leaves on the road of no return, she and kurachi have a relationship, and to Kimura said the body discomfort and return. And kurachi sexual life not only exacerbated the physiological disease, resulting in more she is suffering from hysteria. Finally, the leaves of self reflected in her by playing with the men to get to meet the psychological point. This is a Jimei appearance and wisdom leaves Wisdom in a woman, many men are attracted to her. Her beauty as a weapon, with their own wisdom to conquer men. She realized the man approached her, and always at the appropriate time will be close to his men mercilessly abandoned. By doing so, the desire to conquer the leaves the second part discusses the leaves. Meet the ego, ID and superego in between, represents a rational and wit, it acted in accordance with the principle of reality, acts as an arbiter role. Most of the energy consumed in the self psychology of self control and repression. The various needs by ID generated, due to the superego limit, not immediately satisfied in reality, the individual needs of self coordination. The leaves of the self to effectively mediate the ID, superego and the reality of the conflict and struggle, and often fall into anxiety. In order to reduce anxiety and anxiety, self I took such as depression, rationalization of defense mechanism. But because of the self force is too weak, finally succumbed to the powerful self. In order to meet my desire, leaves aside all she thinks she is combined with the block positions of things. On the one hand, I asked her to the warehouse and indulge in another life. On the leaves to satisfy their material desires with Kimura maintained neither friendly nor aloof relationship. In addition, in order to make a return to the leaf bin sacrifice, even decided to break off the relationship with the only daughter of stator reluctantly. Third this leaves part of incomplete development of the superego. The highest part of the personality structure in the regulation of superego as by social status, ethics, individual conscience, self ideal. It in accordance with the moral principles, guiding self limiting, the ID, the intrinsic value is parents and social morality. Ye Zichao I am not completely, first is due to the failure of family and school education. In leaves was born in a Christian family atmosphere, arguably she should have more self-control than others. However, because of their respective parents are busy with their own careers, not to carry on the correct guidance of leaves in family education, so that to her everywhere in life according to instinct. In addition, the education of school Christian leaves have resistance to the heart, for all the students to standardize the school taught as she never will sniff at, self action standard school standard. It can be said that the school education has lost its effect on leaves. Secondly, the leaf is prior to the era of awakening of the woman, which led her to have a strong resistance to the heart of the society into feudal traditional ethics. However, she was not completely awakened. She failed to correct and effective Against society. As a result, leaves only to indulge in nature against the male society. Development is completely unable to suppress the superego ego unreasonable demands, finally causes the leaves to deviate from the social orbit farther. Through in-depth analysis of personality structure characters of leaves, this paper tries to reveal the psychological process leaves behavior, conflict between study on the impulse and the superego and the external world, the destruction of the internal reasons. In conclusion, the leaves have strong ID, weak ego and superego development incomplete, the development of its lattice structure due to an imbalance in her final destruction.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I313.074

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