论维吉尔在西方文学史上的地位

发布时间：2018-03-27 18:00

本文选题：维吉尔　切入点：西方文学　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：普布留斯·维吉留斯·马罗(Publius Vergilius Maro)(维吉尔)(公元前70年-公元前19年)是古罗马奥古斯都时代颇富盛名的一代文学巨匠,罗马文学史和西方文学史上最有影响的古典作家之一。作为皇帝的“宫廷诗人”,维吉尔不仅通过自己的诗歌高度赞扬奥古斯都元首政治的太平盛世,而且对古罗马早期公民的传统社会美德加以阐释。其作品在欧洲文学史上占有极为重要的地位,成为拉丁文学的范本和宝贵遗产。因此但丁在《神曲》中将他作为地狱和炼狱的向导,德莱顿誉之为“最优秀的诗人”,丁尼生更是称赞他是“一位伟大的、把爱国主义和无所不在的忧伤以及某种程度的信仰有机结合起来的‘桂冠诗人’”。论文分引言、正文、结语三个部分。正文分三章论述了维吉尔在西方文学史上的地位：第一章就维吉尔所处的文化及时代背景展开论述。古典文学传统的勃兴和多元的文学元素为维吉尔的诗歌创作注入了新鲜的血液；与奥古斯都的文化助手麦凯纳斯等人的密切联系则为维吉尔的文学创作构建了一个坚固而又可靠的政治及文化保护圈。然而,维吉尔对古典文学及罗马传统并不是盲目地模仿与继承,他在创造性地理解并汲取前辈作品独特元素的同时,能够结合其自身的生活经历,在元首政治的庇护与赞助下,创作出具有自己鲜明风格与特色的诗歌,可以说维吉尔的诗歌创作是古典文学传统、奥古斯都时代的社会和人文环境以及诗人自身个性和才华共同作用下演奏出的一曲美妙乐章。第二章详细探讨了维吉尔的文学创作生涯。维吉尔在自己的作品中歌唱田野,赞美牧场,颂扬领袖。他的《牧歌》田园色彩浓厚,以乡村为背景来描写牧人悠然自得的乡村生活。他的《农事诗》节奏和谐且六音步扬抑韵律贯穿全诗。这两部作品为他创作长篇史诗《埃涅阿斯纪》提供了必要的思想前提与艺术基础,《埃涅阿斯纪》借用神话传说歌颂罗马帝国和奥古斯都的统治,为奥古斯都的社会改革运动提供舆论支持。同时,史诗中关于狄多与埃涅阿斯的爱情故事也使《埃涅阿斯纪》的感伤情调表达得淋漓尽致。第三章对维吉尔的文学地位和影响进行了全面的阐述。他的诗歌已经成为各自领域的经典,《牧歌》至今仍是欧洲田园诗歌传统的主要灵感及素材来源；《农事诗》成了教谕诗的典范；《埃涅阿斯纪》问世就受到时人的高度赞誉,并直接影响了古罗马史诗的创作,其诗歌的独特魅力,经过中世纪、文艺复兴时期,至今仍然经久不衰。两千年来,人们喜爱并赞美维吉尔的诗作,1930年,维吉尔诞辰两千年之际,世界各国的文学家们以各种方式纪念他。维吉尔的作品至今仍是人们反复研究及吟诵的诗句,他无疑是罗马文学史上对后世影响最为深远的诗人之一。
[Abstract]:Pubrius Virgius Marlognus Vergilius Maroan (Virgil's (70 B.C.-19 BC) was a famous literary mastermind of ancient Roman times Augustus. One of the most influential classical writers in the history of Roman literature and western literature, Virgil, as the emperor's "palace poet," not only highly praised the peaceful and prosperous times of Augustus' head of state politics through his own poetry, And to explain the traditional social virtues of the early Roman citizens, whose works played an extremely important role in the history of European literature. As a model and a valuable legacy of Latin literature, Dante used him as a guide to hell and purgatory in the Divine Comedy. Dryden called him "the best poet," and Tennyson even praised him as "a great man." Poet Laureate, who organically combines patriotism with omnipresent sadness and a certain degree of faith. The paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The text is divided into three chapters to discuss Virgil's position in the history of western literature:. The first chapter discusses Virgil's culture and the background of the times. The flourishing and pluralistic elements of classical literary tradition inject fresh blood into Virgil's poetry creation. Close ties with Augustus' cultural assistant, McKenas and others, created a solid and reliable circle of political and cultural protection for Virgil's literary creation. Virgil was not blindly imitating and inheriting classical literature and Roman tradition. While he was creative in understanding and absorbing the unique elements of his predecessors' works, he was able to combine his own life experience with the patronage and patronage of the head of state. It can be said that Virgil's poetry creation is the tradition of classical literature. The social and human environment of Augustus time and the poet's own personality and talent play a wonderful movement. Chapter two discusses Virgil's literary career in detail. Virgil sings in his own works. Praise the pasture, praise the leader. His pastoral color is strong, In the background of the country, he describes the pastoral life in a leisurely and leisurely way. His poems on agriculture have a harmonious rhythm and six steps and rhythms run through the whole poem. These two works provide a necessary basis for his creation of the long epic Aeneas. "Aeneas" used myths and legends to celebrate the rule of the Roman Empire and Augustus. Meanwhile, the love story of Dido and Aeneas in the epic also makes the sentimental feelings of Aeneas express vividly. The third chapter expounds Virgil's literary status and influence. His poetry has become a classic in his own field. Pastoral songs are still the main inspiration and source of materials for the tradition of pastoral poetry in Europe. "became an example of the oracles; the book of Aeneas was highly acclaimed at the time," And directly influenced the creation of ancient Roman epics, the unique charm of their poetry, through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, is still enduring. For two thousand years, people loved and praised Virgil's poetry, 1930, On the two thousand years since Virgil's birth, writers from all over the world remembered him in various ways. Virgil's works are still studied and recited repeatedly. He is undoubtedly one of the most influential poets in the history of Roman literature.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I546.06

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