个人对社会的挑战：《米德尔马契》的一种社会学解读

发布时间：2018-04-08 11:25

本文选题：乔治·爱略特　切入点：《米德尔马契》　出处：《湖南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：乔治爱略特(GeorgeEliot)是英国维多利亚时期一位文学巨匠。《米德尔马契》(Middlemarch)是她在巅峰时期创作的，被认为是她的代表作。国内外学者对《米德尔马契》中个人与社会关系进行了大量的研究，但是这些研究大多集中在社会对个人的束缚和挫败，即使提出了个人对社会的积极斗争，也没有对这种斗争做出详细的分析。本文尝试探究在十九世纪科学有机思想影响下，乔治爱略特如何在个人与社会的相互关系中对个人对社会的挑战进行探索。本文选定了小说中的三个人物，并分别讨论了社会对这三个人物所代表群体的影响以及这三个人物如何与社会做斗争及其斗争的结果。这三个人物分属于不同的社会群体，他们与社会的矛盾有不同的特点：第一个是中产阶级男性，第二个是底层男性，第三个是中产阶级女性。这种设置可以依次递进地表现他们与社会较量，从而方便对这三种斗争做出评判。利德盖特（Lydgate）一心想着实施自己的医疗改革，而没有意识到他与社会相互关系的重要性，以至于他最后落得不得不仓皇离开的失败结局。他遭受的挫败说明个人的行为和梦想的实现要依托当时的社会环境和条件，被社会所认可和接纳，才能发挥个人的才能。在社会等级制度对底层人压迫的大环境下，一个不起眼的小人物莱弗士（Raffles）从开始任人摆布转变为操纵有权有势的大人物。在这一过程中，他虽然成功地证明了自己的力量，但是他却损害了了自己的生命和别人的声誉，甚至牵连了无辜的人。这样的反抗，对社会和个人而言均无积极意义，，完全不足效法。多萝西娅(Dorothea)与男权社会和世俗道德抗争，从自己的不幸婚姻中挣脱出来，最后获得了独立而且赢得了幸福。重要的是，身处困境时她没有怨天尤人，而是通过帮助绝望和无助的人，给他们支持和慰藉，来实现自己的价值。她成功地挑战了社会，她的同情关怀给别人的生活乃至社会带来了前进的动力。这也许是爱略特塑造这一人物形象的旨归吧。本文试图通过对《米德尔马契》进行详尽的文本分析，研究爱略特探究三种不同类型个人对社会的挑战，进一步阐明，当个人的追求和理想要触动社会的传统观念和行为规范时，个人必须将自己置身于个人与社会的相互关系中。爱略特倡导的挑战是，必须符合社会道德的期望，在维持社会秩序的前提下，并且要对社会的发展起到积极向上的作用。
[Abstract]:George love is a literary giant in the Victorian period . The study of the relationship between the individual and the social relationship between the individual and the society has been carried out by scholars both at home and abroad . However , the author tries to explore how to explore the challenges of individual to society in the relationship between individual and society under the influence of the scientific organic thought in the nineteenth century .

Three characters in the novel are selected and the influence of the society on the three figures and how the three characters struggle against the society are discussed . The three characters belong to different social groups . They are different from the social contradictions : the first is middle - class male , the second is the bottom man and the third is middle - class female . This setting can be carried forward in order to show them and the society in order to judge the three kinds of struggles in turn .

Lydgate , who tried to carry out his own medical reform , did not realize the importance of his relationship with the society , that he had finally had to leave the failed ending . In this process , he had succeeded in proving his power , but he did harm his life and the reputation of others , and even led innocent people .

This paper attempts to explore the challenge of three different types of individual to society through detailed text analysis of the Chimedel Mar chi , and further states that when the individual ' s pursuit and the ideal are to touch the traditional idea and the behavior norm of society , the individual must put himself in the relationship of the individual and society . The challenge advocated by the latter is that it is necessary to meet the expectations of social morality and play a positive role in the development of society .

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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