论《天边外》中悲剧之美

发布时间：2018-05-14 06:43

本文选题：命运 + 梦想　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：尤金.奥尼尔（Eugene O’Neill,1888-1953）被称为美国戏剧之父，也被称为美国的“莎士比亚”。作为美国民族戏剧的奠基人，评论界曾这样评价他：“在奥尼尔之前美国只有剧场，在奥尼尔之后，美国才有戏剧。”（王宁，1981）1918年奥尼尔写出了成名之作《天边外》,该作品成就了美国文坛的一代伟人，在戏剧界颇有影响，许多国内外的学者也从不同角度深入研究作品的理论和现实意义。《天边外》是奥尼尔戏剧生涯中早期第一部成功的作品，获得了普利策奖，在美国当代戏剧界引起了不小的轰动，戏剧评论家们开始广泛关注奥尼尔创作的这部处女作。大多数的国外评论家开始从戏剧流派如浪漫主义，现实主义，表现主义，或悲剧心理分析等角度来展开论述，探究该部作品。在很长的一段时间内研究停留在对于该作品的写作手法，形式创新（即第一部多幕剧）的关注上，直至今日，，不少评论家才把其研究视角转向了对作品内涵的挖掘，认为奥尼尔的悲剧是对古希腊悲剧的继承和发展。全文共分三个部分：前言，正文和结论。前言主要说明奥尼尔的文学作品所取得的成就，作家创作背景，《天边外》的创作背景，以及国内外的研究成果和本文的研究意义。正文主要分为三个部分，第一章主要简单阐述悲剧之美这个概念，即什么是悲剧之美，这个理论的来源，理论产生的现象，悲剧之美的三大原则，以及悲剧审美的相应的心理映射，系统的说明为什么悲剧的东西会给人以美感。在此部分笔者还重点阐述了悲剧之美的价值，论证奥尼尔在创作《天边外》这部作品中的论断“在我看来，只有悲剧性才包含有真理价值的美，这才是生活的意义，也是惟一的希望。崇高的东西永远是最具有悲剧性的，获得成功而不继续追求更大的失败的人是精神上的中等货。”（王俭美，1989）在这一点上，奥尼尔在戏剧史上做出了划时代的创新，把《天边外》这部悲剧赋予了激励人的乐观精神的美的内涵。第二章主要论述悲剧美理论在作品《天边外》中的应用。《天边外》这部作品多角度，多层次，五维立体化地从普通人，家庭，社会，命运和爱情角度分析了人的生活悲剧。该论文分析了人作为生命个体又不可避免地被赋予社会属性这一过程的被动性，这种被动使得人从某种程度上被命运驱逐而不是主宰命运，悲剧也就如此产生。然而《天边外》这部作品以悲写美，以悲写喜，作品中的美的意象的流露赋予悲剧美的精神，这种精神鼓励人们追求梦想，超越自我，永不言败，这在以往的悲剧中很少见，是奥尼尔在希腊英雄式悲剧基础上的大胆尝试和创新，在希腊英雄式美的基础上又一美的探索和建树。第三章主要论述了悲剧之美理论在作品《天边外》中应用的现实意义，文学作品最大的意义就是源于生活并且高于生活，加工后的人生便是文学作品，然而，这种带有美的色彩的悲剧文学并非单单为了取悦平民或者贵族，它的终极意义在于引导现实生活中的人以一种理想的情怀去看待这个世界。事实上，没有生命体可以逃脱悲剧的结局，尽管是财富，权力至上的人也会和身无分文的乞丐一样最终化为一片泥土，然而，希望会点亮生命的明灯，精神永远比物质更加高尚，因为物质的追求会死亡而精神的追求会获得永生。结论部分对论文进行总结，通过研究《天边外》中的悲剧之美理论展示悲剧的真正的独特的魅力以及对人生的激励作用和重大的意义。作者的目的在于深入理解奥尼的创作初衷，即找到悲剧和美的共同切合点，奥尼尔的成就就在于他在悲剧中找到了黑暗中的光明，与此同时，《天边外》这部作品也向人们传达一个重要的道理，黎明前就是最黑暗的时候，而在苦难和悲剧中的人们需要耐心的等待来迎接黎明的曙光。
[Abstract]:Eugene O'neal (Eugene O 'Neill, 1888-1953) is known as the father of American drama and also known as the American "Shakespeare". As the founder of the American national drama, the critics once said, "there was only a theater in the United States before O'neal and after O'neal, the United States had a drama." (Wang Ning, 1981) O'neal wrote out (Wang Ning, 1981) in 1918. The work has made a great achievement in the literary world of the United States, which has a great influence on the dramatic world. Many scholars at home and abroad have also studied the theoretical and practical significance of the works from different angles.
"Out of the sky" is the first successful work of O'neal's early drama career. He won the Pulitzer prize, which has aroused a great sensation in the contemporary American theater, and dramatic critics began to pay much attention to O'neal's works. Most of the foreign critics started from the drama genres such as romanticism, realism, expressionism. In a long period of time, the study of the work is focused on the writing techniques of the work, the first multi curtain drama, and many critics have turned his research perspective to the excavation of the content of the works to the present time, and the tragedy of O'neal is considered to be the tragedy of the work. The inheritance and development of the ancient Greek tragedies.
The full text is divided into three parts: preface, text and conclusion.
The preface mainly explains the achievements of O'neal's literary works, the creation background of the writer, the creation background of "out of heaven", and the research results at home and abroad, and the significance of this study.
The main text is divided into three parts. The first chapter mainly describes the beauty of tragedy, that is, what is the beauty of tragedy, the origin of the theory, the phenomenon of theory, the three principles of the beauty of tragedy, and the corresponding psychological mapping of tragedy aesthetic, and the systematic explanation of what tragedies will give people a sense of beauty. It also focuses on the value of the beauty of tragedy, demonstrating that O'neal's assertion in the creation of the creation "outside the sky" is that, in my opinion, only the tragedy contains the beauty of the value of truth, which is the meaning of life and the only hope. The lofty thing is always the most tragic, and is successful without continuing to pursue a greater failure. People are spiritual goods. "(Wang Jianmei, 1989), at this point, O'neal made epoch-making innovations in the history of drama, and gave the tragedy of" out of the sky "the beauty of the optimism of the inspiring people.
The second chapter mainly deals with the application of the theory of tragedy beauty in the works "outside the horizon". "Outside the sky", this work has analyzed human life tragedies from the perspective of ordinary people, family, society, destiny and love. This paper analyzes the process of human beings being given social attributes inevitably as life individuals. Passivity, this passivity makes a person expelled from fate to a certain extent rather than the fate of fate. However, the tragedy is produced in a tragedy. However, "out of heaven" is a work that writes sad writing to beauty, writes joy, and the image of beauty in the works endows the spirit of tragic beauty, which encourages people to pursue their dreams, transcend self, never say defeat, this is in the past. It is rare in the tragedy that O'neal's bold attempt and innovation on the basis of Greek Heroic tragedies, and another beauty on the basis of the Greek Heroic beauty.
The third chapter mainly discusses the practical significance of the application of the theory of beauty of tragedy in the works "beyond the horizon". The greatest significance of the literary works is that it originates from life and is higher than life. The life after processing is a literary work. However, the tragic literature with the beauty of color is not only to please the civilians or the aristocracy, and its ultimate meaning is in the ultimate meaning. In fact, there is no life to escape the end of the tragedy. In fact, no life can escape the end of the tragedy. Even if it is wealth, the supremacy of power will eventually become a piece of earth, like a beggar with a penniless beggar. However, it hopes to light the light of life, and the spirit is always more noble than the material. The pursuit of material will die and spiritual pursuit will be eternal life.
The conclusion is a summary of the thesis. Through the study of the theory of the beauty of tragedy in the outside world, the real unique charm of the tragedy and the inspiration and great significance to life are displayed. The purpose of the author is to understand the original intention of his creation, that is to find the common point of tragedy and beauty, and the achievement of O'neal lies in him. In the tragedy, the light in the darkness is found, and at the same time, "out of heaven >" this works also conveys an important truth to people, the darkest time before dawn, and the people in suffering and tragedy need to wait patiently to greet the dawn of the dawn.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.073

【参考文献】