对《希望的平原》之生态批评解读

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:01

本文选题：亚历克西斯·赖特 + 《希望的平原》　；参考：《西华大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《希望的平原》(Plains of Promise,2007)是当代澳大利亚著名的土著作家亚历克西斯·赖特（Alexis Wright,1950-）的第一部长篇小说。该部作品由于真实还原了殖民统治带给澳大利亚原住民的痛苦和伤害而备受关注。然而作品的成功不仅仅在于此，更在于它对澳洲生态环境恶化的细微描写和对殖民统治下文化霸权的揭露。而这一视角恰与当今流行的生态批评不谋而合。本篇论文将运用生态批评中的三个理论观点——对“人类中心主义”的批判，生物之爱与生物多样性，文化多元性——通过对《希望的平原》中基督教的传入，澳洲生态环境的破坏和传统文化的沦丧之分析，揭露西方殖民者在人类中心主义思想下，，对澳洲自然环境及文化环境的大肆破坏。本篇论文分析表明，在《希望的平原》中，所有的原住民都被要求信奉上帝以至于疏远了他们的祖先精灵；曾经鸟语花香的土地如今已是尸横遍野；为保护其文化和环境而反抗的原住民惨遭白人殖民政府的残酷镇压。赖特通过小说，痛斥“人类中心主义”种下的恶果并间接表达了对结束西方霸权统治的理想。本篇论文从生态批评入手，首先介绍了生态批评的背景与对该小说进行生态研究的意义和理论基础；其次从生态批评的三个理论视角分析“人类中心主义”的本质，比较殖民统治者占领澳洲前后生态环境的变化和强烈反差，人对动物的不平等待遇以致虐杀，以及白人在种族歧视和文化霸权下对土著民族及其文化的打压；最后分析了三个理论之间的内在关联性，并结合目前世界生态状况，指出三者都具有不可忽视的现实意义，从而揭示出西方文化的“人类中心主义”必将导致生态多样性和文化多元性的丧失，并最终威胁人类的生存与发展。本文通过对殖民地思想、生态、文化的描写与分析，意在与当前生态危机相结合，揭露西方国家仍在推行生态文化殖民之现状，从而警醒人类必须根除“人类中心主义”这一毒瘤，尊重差异性，崇尚多元性，敬畏所有生命与文化，方才可以彻底摆脱生态危机，实现生态自救。
[Abstract]:Plains of promise 2007 is the first novel by Alexis Wright, a famous Aboriginal writer in contemporary Australia. This work has attracted much attention for its truthful restoration of the suffering and injury caused by the colonial rule to the aborigines of Australia. However, the success of the work lies not only in this, but also in its detailed description of the deterioration of the ecological environment in Australia and the exposure of cultural hegemony under colonial rule. This angle of view coincides with the prevailing ecological criticism. This paper will apply the three theoretical viewpoints of ecological criticism-critique of anthropocentrism, biological love and biodiversity, cultural diversity-through the introduction of Christianity in the Plains of Hope. The analysis of the destruction of Australian ecological environment and the decline of traditional culture reveals the extensive destruction of Australia's natural and cultural environment by Western colonists under the idea of anthropocentrism. The analysis of this paper shows that in Plains of Hope, all the aborigines are required to believe in God and alienate their ancestral elves. The aborigines who fought to protect their culture and environment were brutally repressed by the white colonial government. Wright, through his novels, denounces the consequences of anthropocentrism and indirectly expresses his ideal of ending Western hegemony. This paper begins with ecological criticism, first introduces the background of ecological criticism and the significance and theoretical basis of ecological research on the novel, and then analyzes the essence of "anthropocentrism" from the three theoretical perspectives of ecological criticism. Comparing the changes and strong contrasts between the ecological environment before and after the colonial rulers' occupation of Australia, the unequal treatment of animals by human beings, and the suppression of the aboriginal peoples and their cultures by white people under racial discrimination and cultural hegemony; Finally, the paper analyzes the internal relationship between the three theories, and points out that the three theories have practical significance which can not be ignored by combining with the current world ecological situation. Thus, it is revealed that the "anthropocentrism" of western culture will inevitably lead to the loss of ecological diversity and cultural diversity, and ultimately threaten the survival and development of mankind. Through the description and analysis of colonial thought, ecology and culture, this paper aims at combining with the current ecological crisis to expose the status quo of the western countries still carrying out ecological culture colonization. Therefore, the warning of human beings must eradicate the malignant tumor of "anthropocentrism", respect the difference, advocate pluralism, and fear all life and culture, so that we can get rid of the ecological crisis thoroughly and realize ecological self-saving.
【学位授予单位】：西华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I611.074

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