西方小说叙事与描述元素与实践——增损中的余、裕、缺

发布时间：2018-05-21 05:51

本文选题：再现 + 模仿　；参考：《江南大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2015年04期

【摘要】："再现"与"模仿"是西方叙事文本的基础观念,对此,柏拉图的《理想国》和亚里斯多德的《诗学》有不同的阐释。柏拉图认为,叙事文本的重心为再现而非模仿;亚里斯多德认为,叙事文本的重心为模仿而非再现。两人分别建构了属于自己的叙事文本理论。尽管多有分歧,但两种理论奠定了西方古典叙事文本的基础,成为西方叙事文本的两大支柱。但柏拉图和亚里斯多德两人都忽略了戏剧(包括史诗)同时兼顾叙事和描述的特征。虽然后来热奈特在其文论中,最终将"叙事引导归结为就是模仿",我们依旧可以以传统观念为出发点,将叙事与描述视为叙事文本中的两个基本元素。"叙事"与"描述"在西方叙事文本的传统观念中被置于对立的状态。柏拉图以"纯叙事"为由,R*改荷马史诗,认为描述是"多余"的"赘言"。然而,这种多余的"赘言",在罗兰·巴特眼中转变为在小说中制造"真实"效果,即具有"裕"的价值。在叙事主导下,歌德"风景心境",给自然描述赋予了意义。雨果力图建立叙事和描述之间的平衡。巴尔扎克发掘描述的意义,"隐然"消解了叙事与描述之间的区别。热奈特谈论福楼拜的文论时声称,描述包含叙事。罗伯·格里耶则提出"描述即叙事"的看法,无疑造成叙事学意义上的"叙事缺席"。后世的文学家和文学理论家对叙事文本提出了不同的认知标准,并运用"减法"、"加法"等方式进行文学实践,使叙事文本呈现出的余、裕、缺等现象。此外,笔者从观念、语义、语境等方面探索叙事与描述的其他可能性,兼顾故事与论述的关系,透过叙事文本的构成及其他要素,达到叙事文本的完整性。
[Abstract]:Reproduction and imitation are the basic concepts of western narrative texts. Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Poetics have different interpretations. Plato believes that the focus of narrative text is reproduction rather than imitation, and Aristotle thinks that narrative text focuses on imitation rather than reproduction. They have constructed their own narrative text theory. Although there are many differences, the two theories have laid the foundation of the western classical narrative texts and become the two pillars of the western narrative texts. But both Plato and Aristotle ignored both narrative and descriptive features of drama (including epic). Although later in his literary theory, Zenet finally reduced "narrative guidance to imitation", we can still regard narrative and description as two basic elements of narrative text based on traditional concepts. Narration "and" description "are put in the opposite state in the traditional ideas of the western narrative text." Plato used "pure narration" as an excuse to change R* to Homer epic, and regarded description as "superfluous". However, in Roland Bart's eyes, the superfluous "verbose words" turn into creating "real" effect in the novel, that is, it has the value of "abundance". Under the guidance of narration, Goethe's Landscape State gives meaning to the description of nature. Hugo tries to establish a balance between narration and description. Balzac unearthed the meaning of description and "hidden" dispelled the difference between narration and description. When talking about Flaubert's literary theory, Genett claimed that the description contained narratives. Robert Greyer's view of "description is narrative" undoubtedly leads to narratology's "narrative absence". Later writers and literary theorists put forward different cognitive standards for narrative texts, and used subtraction, addition and other methods to carry out literary practice, so as to make the narrative texts appear surplus, abundance, lack and so on. In addition, the author explores other possibilities of narration and description from concepts, semantics, context and so on, and takes into account the relationship between story and discourse, and achieves the integrity of narrative texts through the composition and other elements of narrative texts.
【作者单位】：台湾辅仁大学中国文学系;
【分类号】：I106.4

【共引文献】