环境正义视域中的《南方与北方》

发布时间：2018-05-28 02:06

本文选题：伊莉莎白·盖斯凯尔 + 《南方与北方》　；参考：《华中师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：伊莉莎白·盖斯凯尔是维多利亚时代的英国小说家,她生前与勃朗特姐妹和乔治·艾略特等齐名,后来却长期受到忽视。近年来随着西方女权主义和马克思主义批评的兴起,她的小说重新引起了人们的兴趣和注意。《南方与北方》集中反映了当时的环境污染、人与人之间关系的不平等等社会问题。本文在前人研究的基础上,试图运用环境正义这一新的理论视角来解读这部小说,揭露当时的环境非正义现象,并指出其背后的原因。本论文共分为五章。第一章介绍了盖斯凯尔的生平,梳理了国内外对该作者及其作品的研究,提出了本文的研究视角—环境正义,阐述了该理论的内容和发展过程,最后简单介绍了本论文的主要结构。第二章从人与自然之间的环境正义入手,一方面揭露了米尔顿镇民与自然环境之间的非正义现象,另一方面赞扬了赫尔斯通居民与自然环境之间的和谐正义的景象。然后,该章结合环境正义理论指出了造成这一非正义现象的原因—人类中心主义思想盛行,功利的自然观,缺乏地方意识。第三章从代内环境正义出发,披露了小说中女性和工人阶级这两个由于社会地位低下而形成的弱势群体所承受的环境非正义。男性和资产阶级大肆破坏环境,侵害了女性和工人阶级的环境权利,却没有承担其相应的环境义务为受害者提供保护和补偿。该章披露了隐藏在这些现象背后的社会原因：根深蒂固的父权制思想以及不公平的社会等级制度。第四章介绍了米尔顿和赫尔斯通两地的代际环境正义问题。对两地的描写都反映出当代人只顾自己的发展而不考虑后代人的环境利益,其结果是给后人留下了一个严重破坏不利于生存和发展的环境。忽视后代人的环境权利是造成代际环境正义的根本原因。第五章总结了本论文的研究主旨和意义。在当今环境问题日益恶化的时代背景下,环境正义理论具有不可小觑的理论指导作用。本文的研究试图为解读《南方与北方》提供一个新的视角。
[Abstract]:Elizabeth Gaskell, a Victorian English novelist, lived alongside the Bronte sisters and George Eliot, but was neglected for a long time. In recent years, with the rise of feminist and Marxist criticism in the West, her novels have aroused people's interest and attention again. "South and North" reflects the social problems of the time, such as environmental pollution, inequality between people and so on. On the basis of previous studies, this paper attempts to use the new theoretical perspective of environmental justice to interpret the novel, expose the phenomenon of environmental injustice at that time, and point out the reasons behind it. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the life of Gaskell, combs the domestic and foreign research on the author and his works, puts forward the research perspective of this article-environmental justice, and expounds the content and development process of the theory. Finally, the main structure of this paper is briefly introduced. The second chapter begins with the environmental justice between man and nature. On the one hand, it reveals the injustice between Milton townspeople and the natural environment, on the other hand, it praises the harmonious justice between residents and natural environment in Hulse. Then, combined with the theory of environmental justice, this chapter points out the causes of this unjust phenomenon: the prevalence of anthropocentrism, the utilitarian view of nature and the lack of local consciousness. The third chapter, from the perspective of intra-generation environmental justice, reveals that women and the working class, two vulnerable groups formed by the low social status, suffer from environmental injustice. Men and the bourgeoisie wreak havoc on the environment, encroach upon the environmental rights of women and the working class, but do not undertake their corresponding environmental obligations to provide protection and compensation for the victims. The chapter reveals the social reasons behind these phenomena: deep-rooted patriarchal ideology and unfair social hierarchy. Chapter four introduces the intergenerational environmental justice between Milton and Hulse. The description of the two places reflects that the contemporary people only care for their own development and do not consider the environmental interests of future generations. The result is that they have left a serious damage to the environment which is not conducive to survival and development. Ignoring the environmental rights of future generations is the fundamental cause of intergenerational environmental justice. The fifth chapter summarizes the research purport and significance of this thesis. Under the background of worsening environmental problems, the theory of environmental justice can not be underestimated. This paper attempts to provide a new perspective for the interpretation of South and North.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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