道德与自由：《沙堡》中莫尔夫妇的道德探索

发布时间：2018-05-28 19:03

本文选题：艾丽丝·默多克 + 《沙堡》　；参考：《郑州大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：艾丽丝·默多克(1919—1999)是20世纪英国最有影响力的作家之一。她的作品呈现多种文学形式,包括剧本、散文、小说等。她还是一位研究道德的道德哲学家。默多克认为,作家应该关注社会中的道德问题。她的作品探讨了许多道德方面的话题,比如道德与文学的关系、道德与自由的关系、“善”的理念、宗教对道德生活的影响等。《沙堡》是一部关于道德与自由的小说。默多克在此作品中描述了莫尔夫妇追求道德的过程。该论文通过分析莫尔夫妇关系的变化,揭示了二人是怎样从不明道德走向“善”的,以试图解读道德与自由在人们生活中的作用。本论文除引文和结论外共分四章。引文简要介绍了默多克和她的小说《沙堡》,综述了国内外对默多克及其作品,特别是《沙堡》的研究现状。第一章综述了道德与自由及二者的关系。默多克的道德哲学把人们对道德的追求过程分为三个阶段：不明道德阶段、(明)道德阶段和“善”的阶段。由于追求道德的前提是自由,人们追求道德的三个阶段可分别通过自然自由、社会自由和道德自由三种方式实现。即,不明道德阶段通过自然自由实现；(明)道德阶段通过社会自由实现；道德上“善”的阶段通过道德自由实现。第二章分析了莫尔夫妇追求道德的初始状态：不明道德阶段。在此阶段,他们追求自然自由,即为所欲为的自由,沉溺于自私的想法,只关注自我,以自我为中心,忽视他人,无法区分何为道德行为,何为不道德行为。这种只知满足自我需求,不关注其他家庭成员的存在和需求的自然自由导致了他们严重的婚姻危机和家庭冲突。第三章解读了莫尔夫妇追求道德的第二阶段：(明)道德阶段。他们以社会自由为前提,行事理性,开始关注他人的需求。他们理性地反思自己过去的行为,意识到考虑并尊重其他家庭成员的存在和需求的重要性。在理性自由的指引下,能区分自己的行为是否道德,到达(明)道德阶段,过着道德的生活,家庭冲突和婚姻危机从此得到缓解。第四章解析了莫尔夫妇追求道德过程的最后状态：“善”的阶段。在此阶段,他们对自我进行了探知,自觉地遵守道德准则,自觉自愿地尊重他人及他人的自由,使自己的道德渐渐到达“善”的阶段。他们不再自私、不再以自我为中心,尊重他人的选择和自由。最终莫尔夫妇走出了家庭冲突和婚姻危机,并获得了真正的自由---道德自由。结语指出莫尔夫妇通过不断克服自私,反思自我,他们的关系从冲突、敌对走向和谐,最终以道德自由取代了自然自由,完成了他们的道德探索。人只有在享受自己自由的同时尊重他人自由,才能与他人和谐相处,才能过上道德和自由的生活,并最终走向“善”。
[Abstract]:Alice Murdoch (1919-1999) is one of the most influential British writers in the 20 th century. Her works take many literary forms, including plays, essays, novels and so on. She is also a moral philosopher who studies morality. Murdoch believes that writers should pay attention to the moral issues in society. Her works discuss many moral topics, such as the relationship between morality and literature, the relationship between morality and freedom, the concept of "good", and the influence of religion on moral life. Sandcastle is a novel about morality and freedom. In his work, Murdoch describes the Mohr's pursuit of morality. By analyzing the changes in the relationship between the Moors and the Mors, this paper reveals how the two men have moved from the unknown morality to the "good" in order to try to understand the role of morality and freedom in people's lives. This thesis is divided into four chapters except citation and conclusion. This paper briefly introduces Rupert Murdoch and her novel Sandcastle, and summarizes the research status of Murdoch and his works at home and abroad, especially Sandcastle. The first chapter summarizes the relationship between morality and freedom. Murdoch's moral philosophy divides the pursuit of morality into three stages: the stage of unknown morality and the stage of "good". Because the premise of pursuing morality is freedom, the three stages of pursuing morality can be realized by natural freedom, social freedom and moral freedom respectively. That is, the unknown moral stage is realized through natural freedom and the moral stage through social freedom; the moral "good" stage is realized through moral freedom. The second chapter analyzes the initial state of Morse's pursuit of morality: the unknown moral stage. At this stage, they pursue natural freedom, that is, the freedom to do whatever they want, indulge in selfish ideas, focus on themselves, ignore others, and cannot distinguish what is moral behavior and what is immoral behavior. This natural freedom to satisfy their own needs without paying attention to the existence and needs of other family members leads to their serious marital crisis and family conflict. The third chapter interprets the second stage of Morse's pursuit of morality: the moral stage. On the premise of social freedom, they act rationally and begin to pay attention to the needs of others. They reflect rationally on their past behavior and realize the importance of considering and respecting the existence and needs of other family members. Under the guidance of rational freedom, one can distinguish whether one's behavior is moral or not, reach the moral stage, lead a moral life, and ease family conflicts and marital crises. Chapter four analyzes the final state of Morse's pursuit of morality: the stage of "good". In this stage, they explored themselves, conscientiously obeyed moral norms, voluntarily respected others and their freedom, and gradually reached the stage of "good". They are no longer selfish, no longer self-centered, and respect the choices and freedoms of others. In the end, the Moors came out of family conflict and marriage crisis, and got real freedom-moral freedom. The conclusion points out that by constantly overcoming selfishness and introspecting themselves, the Moors' relationship has changed from conflict and hostility to harmony, finally replacing natural freedom with moral freedom and completing their moral exploration. Only when people enjoy their own freedom and respect others' freedom, can they live in harmony with others, lead a moral and free life, and finally move towards "good".
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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