浅析克雷洛夫关于1812年战争的寓言及克雷洛夫寓言的特点

发布时间：2018-06-01 14:19

本文选题：克雷洛夫 + 寓言　；参考：《辽宁大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：寓言是带有讽刺或劝解性的故事，寓言通常把深刻的道理寄予简单的故事中。克雷洛夫是俄罗斯有史以来最伟大的最优秀的寓言家，克雷洛夫的寓言运用通俗易懂的语言，通过多种表达形式，反映了俄罗斯的生活，体现了俄罗斯民族的精神和智慧，丰富了俄罗斯的文学语言。伊万安德烈耶维奇克雷洛夫不仅是最杰出的俄罗斯寓言作家，而且是世界三大寓言家之一(其他两位是古希腊的伊索和法国的拉封丹)。伊万安德烈耶维奇克雷洛夫出身贫苦，没有正式上过学，能够取得这样的成就除了自幼便已显露的语言艺术的天赋外，完全是靠惊人的勤奋和锲而不舍的执著追求。克雷洛夫十分勤奋，一生写了二百零三篇寓言，他的作品被译成十多种文字，成为与伊索、拉封丹齐名的寓言作家。我的论文题目是《浅析克雷洛夫关于1812年战争的寓言及克雷洛夫寓言的特点》，论文由前言，正文，结束语三部分组成。而正文部分主要分为三章：第一章中简要介绍了寓言的起源，俄罗斯寓言的历史以及克雷洛夫的生平。简述了寓言的概念，来源，介绍了克雷洛夫寓言在俄罗斯寓言史上的地位和影响。第二章和第三章是论文的主要部分。第二章主要介绍了克雷洛夫寓言的艺术特点，主要分析了克雷洛夫在1812年战争期间的寓言作品。这期间的作品不仅揭露了侵略者的面目，更表现了俄罗斯人民奋起打击侵略者的坚定决心和伟大力量。还有克雷洛夫在其他阶段中的寓言作品，主要是讽刺嘲笑统治阶级专横无知的寓言，这些寓言揭露了统治者那种在强者面前弱者永远有罪的强盗逻辑，如《狼与鹤》，《兽国的瘟疫》。还有揭露统治者欺压百姓的狡诈技俩的寓言如《大象当官》，《狐狸建筑师》，有些作品更是把矛头直指沙皇本人，如《杂色羊》。克雷洛夫的作品表达了对人民的同情，对人民优秀品质的赞美，对人民力量的信心。第三章中介绍了克雷洛夫对传统寓言的创新与变革。克雷洛夫紧密结合现实生活的寓言成为这一时期文学的显著特点。在俄罗斯寓言历史上，克雷洛夫寓言具有创新性，他贴近生活，反映现实，具有教育意义。就寓言创作本身而言，在克雷洛夫之前或同时期，寓言或只是作为愉悦人们的读物，沙龙朗读的作品，或只是醉心于自然主义的细节，作一些粗俗的描写，即使是伊索、拉封丹的寓言，基本上也是限于一般的道德训诫。而克雷洛夫的寓言反对沙皇专制制度，表达民主主义思想，把寓言变成现实主义的讽刺文学。克雷洛夫的寓言无疑使俄国现实主义迈出了重要一步，他的创作为以后的普希金、果戈理确立和发展现实主义打下了坚实的基础。克雷洛夫的寓言反映了现实生活，刻画了各种性格，表达了先进思想，因此深受当时人们的喜爱，成为十九世纪上半叶读者最爱阅读的作品之一，他每发表新的寓言也成为文学和社会生活中令人瞩目的对象，他的寓言对于形成俄罗斯人民的社会意识起着积极作用。本论文的研究迫切性：克雷洛夫一生中创作了203篇寓言，这些寓言有着极强的人民性和现实性，蕴含着他自己的以及从父辈们那里一代一代传下来的全部生活智慧和实际经验。他的寓言都以诗体写成，语言优美而又寓意深刻。通常会借着动植物的形象反映出当时的社会现实生活，刻画人物的复杂性格和心理，抒发民主思想，具有特殊感染力，同时又感染教育着人民群众。本人试图分析克雷洛夫寓言，了解寓言在当时社会中的教育性作用，以及克雷洛夫寓言对之后俄罗斯文化发展史的作用。本论文的研究客体：克雷洛夫寓言本论文的研究方法：本论文采用了分析法、引证法、释义法本论文的研究目的：通过对克雷洛夫作品的研究，了解他寓言作品中的现实性，教育性。分析他的语言中表达的对统治阶级的讽刺以及对人民的同情。通过对克雷洛夫作品的写作手法，艺术特色，象征意义，表达感情等等方面的学习，了解克雷洛夫的寓言不仅仅是自然主义的描写，更是道德训诫，表达民主思想，他把寓言变成了现实主义的讽刺文学。本论文的创新之处： 1.本人研究的不仅仅是克雷洛夫寓言的写作手法，艺术特色，更注重的是对他作品中传播的民主思想的研究，在这一方面，本论文着重分析了1812年卫国战争。 2.在分析克雷洛夫寓言内容的基础上，本论文着重分析了克雷洛夫寓言的艺术特点，分析了他对寓言创作的创新以及他对传统寓言的变革。本论文的理论意义：通过研究克雷洛夫的寓言，得到一个相对系统的深刻全面的认识：克雷洛夫寓言的教育意义，克雷洛夫的写作手法，克雷洛夫寓言在俄罗斯文学史甚至在世界文学史的作用。对克雷洛夫寓言的研究，是俄罗斯文化史中既长远又迫切的课题，其研究成果对日后俄罗斯寓言史的研究成果打下了基础，克雷洛夫的寓言也丰富了俄罗斯文学史并影响了一代俄罗斯文学家。希望通过我对克雷洛夫寓言的分析与学习，能够加强对俄罗斯寓言文学及文化的学习与认识。本论文的实践意义：寓言具有深刻的教育意义，它反映生活，引人深省。克雷洛夫是俄罗斯寓言家中的领军人物，他的作品深刻的反应了社会现实生活，对他作品的研究，，对我们学习俄罗斯历史文化，了解当时社会国情都有着深远的意义。同时，他的作品又不同于其他寓言家，具有深远的现实意义，克雷洛夫接受社会先进思想，紧密关注祖国现实生活，他的作品影响了一代俄罗斯文学家，这对我们研究俄罗斯文化，历史，国情也有着深远的意义。
[Abstract]:Fable is an ironic or persuadable story. Fables usually send profound truth to simple stories. Krylov is the greatest and best fable of Russia's history. Krylov's fables, through a wide variety of expressions, reflect Russian life and reflect the Russian nation. Spirit and wisdom, rich in Russian literary language. Ivan Andreyevich Krylov is not only the most outstanding Russian fable writer, but also one of the world's three Fables (the other two is the ancient Greek Aesop and the French La Fontaine). Ivan Andreyevich and Krylov are poor and have no formal study. In addition to the natural talent of language art that has emerged from her childhood, this achievement is entirely based on an astonishing diligence and perseverance. Krylov is very diligent and wrote two hundred and three fables in his life. His works have been translated into more than 10 languages and become an allegorical writer with Aesop and La Fontaine.
My thesis is entitled "an analysis of Krylov's fable about the 1812 war and the characteristics of Krylov's fable. The thesis consists of three parts: preface, text and concluding remarks. The main part of the text is divided into three chapters:
In the first chapter, the origin of fables, the history of Russian fables and the life of Krylov are briefly introduced. The concept and origin of fables are briefly described, and the status and influence of Krylov fables in the history of Russian fables are introduced.
The second and third chapters are the main part of the thesis. The second chapter mainly introduces the artistic features of Krylov's fable, mainly analyzing Krylov's fable works during the 1812 war, which not only reveals the face of the invaders, but also shows the strong determination and great strength of the Russian people to strike the aggressors. And the allegorical works of Krylov at other stages are mainly ironical mockery of the tyrannical and ignorant fables of the ruling class. These fables reveal the rulers' logic of the robbers who are always guilty of the weak in front of the strong, such as the wolf and crane, the plague of the animal country, and the fable of the cunning techniques of exposing the ruler to the people, such as the elephant officer. >, < fox architect >, some works direct the spearhead directly to the Czar himself, such as "the coloured sheep >." Krylov's works express sympathy for the people, praise the excellent quality of the people, and have confidence in the people's power.
The third chapter introduces Krylov's innovation and change to the traditional fable. Krylov closely combines the fable of real life to become a prominent feature of this period. In the history of Russian allegory, Krylov's fable is innovative. He is close to life, reflects reality, and has educational significance. In terms of the fable creation itself, in Klee Before or at the same time, the fable, or just as a reading of pleasing people, the work that the salon reads, or only the details of the naturalism, makes some vulgar descriptions. Even Aesop, La Fontaine's fable is basically limited to the general moral admonition. And the fables of Rohloff oppose the Czar autocratic system and express the Democratic Lord. The idea of righteousness transforms the fable into the satire of realism.
Krylov's fable undoubtedly made an important step in Russian realism. His creation laid a solid foundation for the future of Pushkin, the establishment and development of realism. Krylov's fable reflected the real life, portrayed various characters and expressed advanced ideas, so it was deeply loved by people at that time and became nineteen. In the first half of the century, one of the readers' most favorite reading works, his new allegory has also become a remarkable object in literature and social life. His fable plays a positive role in the formation of the social consciousness of the Russian people.
The research urgency of this paper is:
In his life, Krylov created 203 fables. These fables have very strong people and reality, and contain all the life wisdom and practical experience of his own and his generation from generation to generation. His fables are written in poetic style, beautiful and profound in language. It is usually reflected in the image of animals and plants. At that time, the real life of the society, depicting the complex character and psychology of the characters, expressing the democratic ideas, having special appeal and educating the people at the same time, I tried to analyze Krylov's fable, understand the educational role of the fable in the society at that time, and the role of kleloff's fable after the development of the Russian culture.
The object of the study in this paper:
Krylov's fable
The research methods of this paper are:
This paper adopts the method of analysis, citation and interpretation
The purpose of this thesis is as follows:
Through the study of Krylov's works, we know the realism and education in his fable works, analyze the satire on the ruling class and sympathy for the people in his language. Through the writing techniques, artistic features, symbolic meaning, expression of feelings and so on in Krylov's works, the allegory of Krylov is not only understood, but also the fable of Krylov is not only understood. It is only the description of naturalism, but also the moral admonition and the expression of democratic thought. He transformed the fable into a satirical literature of realism.
The innovation of this paper:
1. I not only study the writing techniques of Krylov's fable, artistic features, but also pay more attention to the study of the democratic thought spread in his works. In this respect, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the war of the country in the 1812.
2. on the basis of the analysis of the content of Krylov's fable, this thesis focuses on the analysis of the artistic features of Krylov's fable, and analyzes his innovation in the creation of allegory and his change to the traditional fable.
The theoretical significance of this paper is:
Through the study of Krylov's fable, we get a profound and comprehensive understanding of the relative system: the educational significance of Krylov's fable, Krylov's writing technique, the role of Krylov's fable in the history of Russian literature and even the history of world literature. The study of the fable of Krylov is a long and urgent course in the history of Russian culture. The research results laid a foundation for the research achievements of the Russian fable history. Krylov's fable also enriched the history of Russian literature and influenced a generation of Russian writers. I hope that through my analysis and study of Krylov's fable, we can strengthen the study and understanding of Russian fable literature and culture.
The practical significance of this paper:
Fable has profound educational significance. It reflects life and provoking deep introspection. Krylov is a leading figure in the Russian fable. His works deeply reflect the social reality. The study of his works has far-reaching significance for us to learn Russian history and culture and understand the situation of the society at that time. At the same time, his works do not. Together with other fables, it has far-reaching practical significance. Krylov accepted the advanced thought of society and paid close attention to the real life of the motherland. His works influenced a generation of Russian writers. This has far-reaching significance for us to study the Russian culture, history and national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.077

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