试论小说《弗兰肯斯坦》中的三个悖论

发布时间：2018-06-27 23:04

本文选题：弗兰肯斯坦 + 悖论　；参考：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：玛丽·雪莱的小说《弗兰肯斯坦》在英国文学史上有着特殊的地位。它不仅是哥特小说这一类型中的杰作，更被奉为西方第一部真正意义上的科幻小说，其对后世所产生的影响一直延续至今。笔者认为，小说当中存在三个悖论，即小说与以《失乐园》为代表的西方传统精英文化间既继承又逆反的矛盾关系，小说对作者其父威廉·葛德文所持政治理论的既赞同又批驳的矛盾态度，以及小说在“想象力”这一概念上，与浪漫主义者既遵循又背离的矛盾立场。本文第一章着重分析了小说与长诗《失乐园》的悖论关系。作为哥特小说的代表作，《弗兰肯斯坦》在继承了此类小说利用传统精英文化为自身辩护传统的同时，对于传统精英文化也发出了质疑之声。一方面，《弗兰肯斯坦》借用《失乐园》中的神话结构，将“堕落”这一长诗中的关键词赋予在了小说两位主角的身上。但另一方面，《弗兰肯斯坦》也对《失乐园》进行了讽刺性模仿，对上帝造人的神圣性提出了质疑。第二章通过还原小说的创作背景及创作过程，以及对小说文本的详细分析，提出《弗兰肯斯坦》其实是作者与父亲葛德文的“父女对话”这一观点。从这一角度看，《弗兰肯斯坦》不仅是作者对父亲的单纯泄愤，更是玛丽·雪莱对于葛德文关于教育和利己等政治理论的批评。第三章则着重探讨了小说中对于“想象”这一概念的理解，并与浪漫主义对于“想象”的不同态度进行了对比。诚然，，《弗兰肯斯坦》是一部充满了浪漫主义元素的作品，但作者对于“想象”一词的理解呈现了与浪漫主义者截然相反的态度，玛丽·雪莱认为，过于泛滥不加节制的男性化想象力是极其有害的。
[Abstract]:Mary Shelley's novel, Frankenstein, has a special position in the history of English literature. It is not only a masterpiece of the Gothic novel, but also the first real science fiction in the West. The influence on the later generations has been extended to the present. I think there are three paradoxes in the novel, that is, novels and " Paradise lost, represented by the traditional Western elite culture, both inherits and contrary, the novel agrees with the contradictory attitude of the author's father William Ge Dewen's political theory, as well as the novel in the concept of "imagination", and the Romantics both follow and deviate from the contradictory position.
The first chapter of this article focuses on the analysis of the paradox between the novel and the long poem "Paradise Lost". As a representative of the Gothic novels, Frankenstein has inherited the traditional elite culture for its own defense tradition and questioned the traditional elite culture. On the one hand, Frankenstein borrows paradise lost. The mythological structure gives the key words of the long poem "depravity" to the two protagonists of the novel, but on the other hand, Frankenstein also makes a satirical imitation of paradise lost, and raises questions about the sanctity of God made man. The second chapter restores the creation background and process of the novel, as well as the detailed text of the novel. From this point of view, < Frankenstein > is not only the author's pure anger on his father, but also Mary Shelley's criticism of Ge Dewen's political theory about education and self-interest. The third chapter focuses on the discussion of the novels in the third chapter. The concept of "imagination" is understood and contrasted with the different attitudes of Romanticism on "imagination". Frankenstein, indeed, is a work full of romantic elements, but the author's understanding of the word "imagination" presents an opposite attitude to the Romantics, which Mary Shelley thinks is too overflowing. The masculine imagination of abstinence is extremely harmful.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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