儒家视阈中的越南汉文小说

发布时间：2018-07-01 09:54

本文选题：儒家思想 + 越南汉文小说　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：历史上,越南长期受中国文化的强大影响,用汉字进行交流并写作,直到1885年沦为法国殖民地,才改用法文及罗马字越文,但汉字仍有-定影响力,故越南至今留存大量用汉字以及汉文文法书写的文学作品。这些作品,在越南未受到本国研究者的足够重视,而中国学者由于地域等种种客观条件的限制,也往往接触不到一手的汉文资料。因此,此类汉文作品成为边缘性的文献与资料,长期为研究者所冷落。这对于汉文化整体的研究,可谓是一大缺憾。从研究对象看,在对越南汉文作品的研究中,汉文小说是至关重要的一个块面。小说文体本身体制大,容量丰富,以再现生活为主要艺术目的,可作为借以考察古代越南社会政治、经济、文化情况的文学标本。而越南汉文小说历时漫长,存世量较大,目前亦有较为全面而考究的整理本,可以作为一个专门的考察对象。而从研究视角看,在对越南汉文小说的考察中,儒家文化视阈是一个重要的观照角度。可以说,汉字文化圈就是儒家文化圈,较之其他意识形态,儒家思想在古代中国社会长期居于统治地位,而在以汉字为书写、表达工具的国家,如古越南、古朝鲜、古日本等,儒家思想观念也得到了比较全面而深入的反映。可以说,这些国家的许多文学作品都留下明显的儒家烙印。而作为越南汉文文学重要一支的汉文小说中,正可见大量反映儒家思想的内容。论文正文部分八章二十三节,主要内容包括以下方面：第一章为“佛教的衰微与儒家思想传入及其对小说的影响”,儒教与佛教在越南思想界的地位和影响,经历了一个兴替过程。在儒教传入前及之后相当长一段时期,佛教思想居主导地位,直至李朝时期,儒家思想才开始受到重视,逐渐兴盛,最终在黎朝、阮朝统治者的需求与选择下取代佛教,成为主流意识形态,确立了其在越南思想界的统治地位,而与之对应的是佛教在政坛的影响力由盛转衰的过程,这些在越南小说中都有所反映。第二章至第五章,笔者将越南汉文小说置于政治伦理、家庭伦理及个体之间人际准则等儒家视角进行考察,从中提取“忠”、“孝”、“义”、“信”等核心范畴,考察其在越南汉文小说文本中的反映。从中可以看到以“尚德”与“爱民”为中心的君主观,以“忠君”与“报国”为中心的人臣观,以“孝”与“悌”为中心的家庭伦理观；在一个又一个义士(妇)形象,与一篇又一篇守信故事中,我们也可看到越南汉文小说对日常人际关系伦理的理解和诠释。第六章将妇女形象作为一个群体单列出来,考察在儒家文化影响下越南汉文小说的女性书写,主要可分为三大群体：以“贤德”为标签的静穆之花,以“持家”为标签的奉栉之花,以“贞烈”为标签的燃烧之花。同时又有一类道德败坏、性格丑陋的恶之花,作为负面典型存在。从中我们可以看到儒家女性道德在越南社会较为全面的流播与渗透。第七章为“华夷有别与越南汉文小说的民族观念”。越南深受儒家华夷观念的影响,在小说中不仅以己为华,即认为自己的国家为“中国”,还以边为夷,即对待那些周边民族则直接视之为“蛮”为“夷”。其与中国的关系又十分微妙,一方面,越南被侵犯时对中国政权时有谴责,甚至在小说中直呼为贼寇,而内部政治斗争时期则称之为天朝；但是另外一方面,文化上越南一直对中国有归属感和认同感。第八章为“越南汉文小说对儒家思想的偏移与背离”,越南汉文小说真实反映了儒家思想文化在越南的传播过程中与本土文化不断交融而形成的“小异”乃至背离,即接受中的变异和背离,交融中的磨合和吸纳,诸如忠国大于忠君,“大孝”重于“小孝”,女性的活动范围并非严格限制在家庭内部,可以参加外部的经营活动,亦能跻身国家政治活动,贞节观较中国而言,更为宽容。
[Abstract]:In history, Vietnam has long been influenced by Chinese culture and used Chinese characters to communicate and write. Until the French colonies were reduced to French colonies in 1885, Vietnamese was converted to French and Rome, but the Chinese characters still have a definite influence. So Vietnam has kept a large number of literary works written in Chinese and Chinese grammar. The scholars have paid enough attention to the Chinese scholars because of the limitations of the objective conditions such as regional and other objective conditions. Therefore, the Chinese literature has become a marginal literature and material, which has long been neglected by the researchers. This is a great regret for the study of the whole Chinese culture.
From the object of study, in the study of Han Chinese works in Vietnam, Chinese novels are one of the most important parts. The style of the novel is large, rich in capacity, to reproduce life as the main artistic purpose, and can be used as a literary specimen to investigate the social and economic, economic and cultural conditions of ancient Vietnam. At present, there are more comprehensive and elaborate collation books, which can be used as a special study object. From the perspective of research, the cultural view of Confucianism is an important angle of view in the study of Vietnamese Chinese novels. It can be said that the cultural circle of Chinese characters is a circle of Ru Jiawen, compared with other ideology, Confucianism is in ancient times. The Chinese society is in a dominant position for a long time, while the Confucian ideas, such as the ancient Vietnam, the ancient Korea and the ancient Japan, have been reflected in a more comprehensive and in-depth way in the writing of Chinese characters, such as ancient Vietnam, ancient Korea and ancient Japan. In Chinese novels, there is a great deal of content reflecting Confucianism.
The main body of the thesis consists of eight chapters and twenty-three sections.
The first chapter is "the decline of Buddhism and the afferent of Confucianism and its influence on the novel". The status and influence of Confucianism and Buddhism in the ideological circle of Vietnam experienced a process of prosperity. In the long period before and after the introduction of Confucianism, the thought of Buddhism dominated the position, until the period of the Li Dynasty, the Confucian thought began to be paid more attention and gradually prospered. In the end, he replaced Buddhism in the needs and choices of the rulers of the Li Dynasty and the Ruan Dynasty, and became the mainstream ideology and established its dominant position in the Vietnamese ideological circle, which corresponded to the process of the influence of Buddhism in the political arena, which were reflected in the Vietnamese novels.
From the second chapter to the fifth chapter, the author investigates the Vietnamese Chinese novels in the Confucian Perspective of political ethics, family ethics and individual interpersonal norms, and extracts the core categories of "loyalty", "filial piety", "righteousness", "faith" and other core categories, to examine the reflection of "Suntech" and "love the people" in Vietnamese Chinese novels. At the center of the monarch, with "loyalty to the king" and "the country" as the center of the man's view, with the "filial piety" and "fraternal" as the center of the family ethics, we can also see the understanding and interpretation of the daily human relations ethics in the Vietnamese Chinese novels in the image of one another (women) and a story after another.
The sixth chapter lists the image of women as a single group and examines the female writing of Vietnamese Chinese novels under the influence of Confucian culture. It can be divided into three groups: the silent flower of "virtuous" as the label, the flower of the "home" as the label, the burning flower of "chastity" as the label, and a kind of moral corruption. The ugly character of evil flowers is a negative example. From this we can see that the female morality of Confucianism has been widely distributed and permeated in Vietnamese society.
The seventh chapter is "the national concept of the Chinese and the Chinese and the Vietnamese Chinese Novels". Vietnam is deeply influenced by the Confucian concept of Hua Yi. In the novel, he not only regards himself as a Chinese, that is, he thinks his country is "China", but also the border, that is to say, the surrounding ethnic groups are treated directly as "brute", and the relationship with China is very subtle, On the one hand, when Vietnam is violated, it condemns the Chinese regime, even calls it a thief in the novel, while the period of internal political struggle is called the heavenly Dynasty; on the other hand, Vietnam has always had a sense of belonging and identity to China.
The eighth chapter is "the deviation and deviation of the Confucian thought in Vietnamese Chinese Novels". The Vietnamese Chinese novels truly reflect the "small differences" and even deviations formed by the continuous blending of the Confucian ideology and culture in the process of communication with native cultures in Vietnam, namely, the variation and deviation from the acceptance, the integration and absorption, such as the loyalty of the faithful to the loyal king, " "Great filial piety" is more important than "small filial piety". The range of women's activities is not strictly limited within the family, can participate in external business activities, and can also join the political activities of the state. The view of chastity is more tolerant than China.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I333.074

【参考文献】