论《美国牧歌》中的性和身体

发布时间：2018-07-03 06:11

本文选题：《美国牧歌》 + 性　；参考：《南京大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为当代美国犹太作家,菲利普·罗斯自成名以来,笔耕不辍,成为美国文坛中最为多产的作家之一,迄今共发表30余部作品。罗斯的早期作品主要涉及犹太移民同化问题及代际矛盾,后期作品开始探讨生活和艺术的关系,寻找真实和虚构的边界。《美国牧歌》的问世则代表了罗斯的关注点从个人和艺术转向更为宏大的美国历史,特别是二战后期以及动荡的六十年代。《美国牧歌》在罗斯作品中的特殊地位及其曾获普利策奖这一殊荣使得学界对这部小说给予了极大的关注,关于该小说的早期研究主要集中在美国梦、田园理想、民族身份认同、叙事结构等方面,后期研究则更多地运用各种批评理论对小说提出新的解读。笔者细心研读现有研究成果后发现,先前研究分别从心理分析和性别研究角度对小说中性和身体的再现进行讨论,但并未透过现象看到其背后权力运作的本质。因此,本文试图运用福柯的权力理论对小说中性和身体的再现进行深入解读。本文认为《美国牧歌》不仅展现了话语权力和规训手段如何生产以多恩为代表的符合主流话语的性和身体,更再现了人物如何通过或极端或另类的方式来抵抗规训权力,以及权力如何应对反抗话语和抵抗行动。通过文本细读,本文发现美国五十年代时期主流话语权力对于女性身体和性的控制依然强大,而六十年代权力关系的变化产生了激进的反抗话语以及各种形式的抵抗。其中,抵抗的方式包括以梅丽为代表的对自身身体的“操控”、逾越传统性规范、使用暴力以及以女性教授玛西娅为典型的诉诸于反抗话语实践。面对反抗话语和抵抗行动,权力亦做出相应调整,表面上随着保守话语逐渐式微,对女性身体和性在家庭和婚姻中的控制亦逐渐减弱,但实际上随着自由主义和消费文化的盛行,权力通过刺激身体欲望的方式加强了其在社会领域中对女性身体和性的控制。通过细读权力对性和身体控制方式和目的的变化,本文认为罗斯通过《美国牧歌》以及叙述者朱克曼向读者传递出两个信息：一方面,面对无处不在的话语权力和规训手段,个人仍然可以通过特有的方式,特别是以反抗话语的方式,抵抗权力的控制;另一方面,回顾美国动荡的六十年代,罗斯也对反对一切的极端抵抗形式所造成的影响表示一定的担忧。
[Abstract]:As a contemporary American Jewish writer, Philip Ross has been one of the most prolific writers in the American literary world and has published more than 30 works since he became famous. Ross's early works were mainly concerned with the assimilation of Jewish immigrants and intergenerational contradictions. Later works began to explore the relationship between life and art. Looking for real and fictional boundaries. The advent of American Shepherd represents Ross's shift from individual and artistic to larger American history. Especially in the late World War II and the turbulent sixties, the special status of American Shepherd in Ross' works and the Pulitzer Prize made scholars pay great attention to the novel. The early studies on the novel mainly focus on the American dream, idyllic ideal, national identity, narrative structure and so on. After a careful study of the existing research results, it is found that the previous studies discussed the reappearance of the novel from the angle of psychoanalysis and gender studies respectively, but did not see the essence of the power operation behind it through the phenomenon. Therefore, this paper tries to use Foucault's power theory to interpret the neuter and body reappearance in the novel. This paper argues that the American Shepherd not only shows how the discourse power and discipline means produce the nature and body of the mainstream discourse represented by Dorne, but also reproduces how the characters resist the discipline power through extreme or alternative ways. And how power responds to words and actions of resistance. Through careful reading of the text, this paper finds that the mainstream discourse power of the United States in the 1950s was still powerful in controlling women's body and sex, while the changes in power relations in the 1960s resulted in radical resistance discourse and various forms of resistance. Among them, the methods of resistance include "manipulating" the body represented by Mellie, surpassing traditional norms, using violence, and using female professor Marcia as the typical resort to the practice of revolt discourse. In the face of resistance words and actions, power has been adjusted accordingly. On the surface, with the gradual decline of conservative discourse, the control of women's body and sex in family and marriage has gradually weakened. But in fact, with the prevalence of liberalism and consumer culture, power strengthens the control of women's body and sex in the social field by stimulating physical desire. By carefully reading the changes of power to sex and body control, this paper argues that Ross sends two messages to readers through American Pastoral and narrator Zuckerman: on the one hand, in the face of ubiquitous discourse power and discipline. Individuals can still resist the control of power in unique ways, especially in the form of resistance to discourse. On the other hand, looking back to the turbulent 1960s in the United States, Ross also expressed some concern about the impact of opposing all forms of extreme resistance.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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