莱辛主要小说中的空间与自我

发布时间：2018-07-06 13:20

本文选题：多丽丝·莱辛 + 空间　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：多丽丝·莱辛是当代最为优秀的女作家之一。她的作品一直备受评论界关注，对其作品的研究成果诸多。但是长期以来，她作品中的空间问题没有得到充分的讨论。本论文旨在对莱辛三部主要小说《野草在歌唱》、《金色笔记》和《四门城》中的空间问题与自我相联系进行系统研究。在这三部小说中莱辛突出关注的是社会空间和住所——蕴含着成为个人空间潜能的房子。本文意欲联系个体自我在这两种空间中的状态及发展对三部小说中这两种空间的性质进行考察以发现莱辛对空间与自我的思考。另外，本文试图发现三部小说所揭示出来的空间与自我，社会空间与个人空间，社会自我与真正自我之间关系的演变并尝试提出莱辛三部小说中两种主要空间性质的延续与演变植根于莱辛不断发展的人生哲学与信仰。本文的主要理论框架由列斐伏尔、福柯、索亚和科特的空间理论构成。本文的空间概念采用列斐伏尔的空间是产品，这一概念强调空间的社会性，与莱辛小说中空间的内涵最为贴近。福柯强调空间的权力性。“监视社会”正是权力通过操控空间以确保其运行的结果。列斐伏尔空间的社会性和福柯空间的权力性都表明居支配地位的社会空间因其占有性和控制性而不利于个体独特自我的发展。因此二者的空间理论都蕴含着对差异空间的诉求。索亚创造性地提出第三空间，该空间的特征在于它激进的、异乎寻常的开放性。第三空间概念的重要性在于它强调发展、突破和无尽的可能性。莱辛三部小说中的房子蕴含着索亚所说的第三空间的可能性。莱辛的第三空间主要表现为真正的个人空间。关于个人空间，本文参考科特的解释，在这一空间里个体摆脱社会范畴及身份构建的规定得以完成自我发现。第一章考察《野草在歌唱》中的监视空间和压抑的自我。男权中心和殖民社会的种族主义以普遍存在的监控性凝视生产并不断巩固着禁闭空间。本章第一部分探讨小说中人物在南非小镇的商店，城镇以及大草原上的农场的行为及自我表现揭示社会空间的禁闭性质以及此类空间中自我的扭曲。第二部分聚焦房子这一狭小空间以及社会自我与本真自我在其间的紧张冲突直至主体毁灭。内在化的监视使得房子失去了其应有的隐私和独立，剥夺了它暂时“例外”于社会的权利，也因此失去了成为真正个人空间的潜在性。绝对强大的社会空间决定了社会自我对真正自我的压制和统治，进而导致自我意识的缺失，房子因居住者的努力而变为有利于自我整合的个人空间的可能性消失。因此，房子始终是从属性的他者空间，暴露于社会的监视之下。本章认为监视在社会空间和房子中的普遍存在使得有利于自我平衡的个人空间在两种空间里都不可能存在。大一统的监视空间没有改变，压抑的自我无处得到释放。第二章集中分析《金色笔记》中现代日常生活的异化空间和分裂的自我。第一部分通过考察人物在社会空间的主要构成因素——工作场所，，政治空间和性别空间——中的自我表现揭示出社会空间是一种移位空间以及自我在其中的碎片化。通过社会参与进行自我整合的结果是更加严重的自我分裂，在社会空间中创建个人空间的可能性不存在。本章第二部分探讨了小说中最重要的空间形象——公寓，揭示出公寓空间的复杂性质。自由女性的公寓最重要的目的是为自我整合提供个人空间。为此，居住者费尽心机将自我进行分类，具体体现为代表不同自我的四本笔记。分类恰恰是造成自我分裂的社会空间的普遍行为模式。居住者在公寓里自我整合的种种努力使得公寓成为分类空间的化身，成为社会空间的延续以至于更加隐秘的梦空间和性空间也无法成为实现自我统一的个人空间。社会空间的强大性，异化的深重性和彻底性使得公寓沦为居住者自我崩溃的场所，但这也包含着它有利于自我统一成为个人空间的可能性：居住者正是通过自我崩溃窥见了自我的真相从而走而自我整合。第三章主要论述《四门城》中的第三空间以及自我的消解与还原。本章第一部分关注颓败的城市物理空间，等级弥漫的小餐馆和饭店等公共场所以及同质化得以实现的心理咨询室和精神病医院。这些空间力图消除个体的独特性，消解个体对真正自我的坚持。整个社会空间与个体的自我发展极不相容，个体的自我遭到贬抑。第二部分主要讨论玛莎住过的三所住宅。三所房子均以差异空间显著区别于同一化的社会空间，表现出明显的第三空间特征：容纳并坚持差异；瓦解二元论；作为抵抗之所。住所作为差异空间为居住者发现真正的个人空间提供了可能，自我得以复原。另外，本章考察了空间与自我、社会空间与住所、社会自我与真正自我、自我消解与自我还原之间的互动与相互依赖。结论部分对论文主要思想及每章主要论点进行了回顾和总结。对分散于三部小说中的空间与自我相联系进行系统考察可以看出莱辛思想在空间问题上的传承与转变。莱辛小说中的空间弥漫着她对个体自我在强势社会压力下生存状态的人文主义关怀，是一种自我空间。她笔下的社会空间总的来说造成个体自我的压抑，分裂和贬损；而住所空间对自我的关系则呈现出动态变化。结论部分还总结了空间与自我、社会空间与住所、社会自我与真正自我之间关系在三部小说中的演变，指出作者对空间和自我的思考及其在三部小说中的变与不变根源于她不断发展的哲学思想。
[Abstract]:Doris Lessin is one of the most outstanding women writers in the contemporary era. Her works have always been a great concern for the critics and many research achievements in her works. But for a long time, the space problems in her works have not been fully discussed. This paper aims at Lessing's three main novels, "the wild grass in singing >" the Golden Notebook > and < four City >. In the three novels, Lessing focuses on the social space and the domicile - a house that contains the potential of individual space. This article is intended to investigate the nature of the individual self in the two spaces and the nature of the two spaces in the three novels in order to find out In addition, this article tries to find out the evolution of the relationship between space and self, social space and personal space, social self and real self revealed by three novels and tries to put forward that the continuation and evolution of the two main spatial properties of Lessing's three novels are rooted in the philosophy of Lessing's continuous development of life philosophy. And faith.
The main theoretical framework of this article is composed of Lefebvre, Foucault, Sao and Cote's space theory. The space concept of this article uses Lefebvre's space as a product. This concept emphasizes the sociality of space and is closest to the connotation of space in Lessing's novels. Foucault emphasizes the power of space. "Surveillance of society" is the right of power through exercise. The sociality of Lefebvre space and the power of Foucault space indicate that the social space of the dominant position is not conducive to the individual's unique self development because of its possessability and control. Therefore, the space theory of the two is implying the demand for the difference space. Sao creatively puts forward the third space. The space is characterized by its radical, uncommon openness. The importance of the third space concept lies in its emphasis on development, breakthroughs and endless possibilities. The house in Lessing's three novels contains the possibility of the third space Sao said. Lessing's third space owner is to be shown as a real personal space. About the individual space. This article, referring to the interpretation of Kurt, can achieve the self discovery in the space by breaking away from the provisions of social category and identity construction.
The first chapter examines the surveillance space and the repressive self in the weeds in singing. The racism of the male rights center and the colonial society produces and continuously consolidates the confinement space with the universal monitoring gaze. The first part of this chapter discusses the behavior and self-expression of the farms in the shops, towns and the grasslands in the small towns of South Africa. The second part focuses on the small space of the house and the tension conflict between the self and the true self in the space and the destruction of the main body. The internal surveillance makes the house lose its due privacy and independence, depriving it of the temporary "exception" to the society. The right, therefore, has lost the potential to become a real personal space. The absolute strong social space determines the social self's suppression and domination of the true self, which leads to the lack of self consciousness, and the possibility of the house changing into a personal space conducive to self integration as a result of the efforts of the inhabited. The other space of the attribute is exposed to the surveillance of society. This chapter holds that surveillance of the universal existence in social space and houses makes the self balanced personal space impossible to exist in two spaces. The unified monitoring space has not changed, and the repressed self has no place to be released.
The second chapter focuses on the analysis of the alienated space and split self in the daily life of the golden notebook. In the first part, the self expression in the workplace, the political space and the gender space of the characters in the social space reveals that the social space is a displacement space and the fragment of the self in it. The second part of this chapter discusses the most important spatial image in the novel - the apartment, which reveals the complex nature of the apartment space. The most important purpose of the female apartment is to be self Integration provides personal space. For this reason, the inhabited is diligently classifying the self, specifically as the four notes representing different self. The classification precisely is the universal behavior pattern that causes the self split social space. The inhabited self integration efforts in the apartment make the public the incarnation of the classified space and become the social space. The continuity between the space and the more secretive dream space and sexual space can not be a personal space for self unity. The strength of the social space, the depth and completeness of alienation make the apartment a place for the self collapse of the inhabited, but it also contains the possibility that it is beneficial for the self to become a personal space: the resident is right. It is through self collapse that we spy on the truth of ourselves and walk away and integrate ourselves.
The third chapter mainly discusses the third space in the four city and the elimination and reduction of the self. The first part of this chapter focuses on the decadent urban physical space, the public places, such as the diffused restaurants and restaurants, as well as the psychological consultation rooms and psychiatric hospitals, which are realized by the homogenization. These spaces try to eliminate the uniqueness and eliminate the individual. The whole social space is very incompatible with the self development of the individual, and the individual's self is detested. The second part mainly discusses the three houses Martha lived in. The three houses are distinctly different from the same social space with the difference space, showing the obvious third space characteristics: holding and adhering to the difference; watts As a place of resistance, domicile as the difference space provides the possibility for the resident to discover the real personal space, and the self is restored. In addition, this chapter examines the interaction and interdependence between space and self, social space and domicile, social self and true self, self digestion and self return.
The conclusion is a review and summary of the main ideas of the thesis and the main points of each chapter. A systematic investigation of the space and self connection in the three novels shows that Lessing's thought is inheriting and changing on the space problem. The space in Lessing's novels is filled with her existence under the strong social pressure of the body self. The humanistic care is a kind of self space. The social space in her pen makes the individual self repressed, split and derogatory, and the relationship between the domicile space has a dynamic change. The conclusion also sums up the space and self, the social space and the domicile, and the relationship between the social self and the real self in three small areas. The evolution of the theory points out that the author's Thoughts on space and herself and their changes and invariance in the three novels stem from her evolving philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

【参考文献】