尼采和W.B.叶芝共同思想主题研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:28

本文选题：共同主题 + 理性主义　；参考：《广西大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：弗里德里希·威廉·尼采是20世纪最具影响力和争议性的哲学家之一。保罗·里克尔将尼采称为“‘怀疑派’哲学大师之一,他足以同马克思和弗洛伊德齐名”。尼采对20世纪哲学、文学、艺术和文化产生了广泛而深远的影响。威廉·巴特勒·叶芝的文学创作就深受尼采影响。叶芝是20世纪最杰出的诗人之一。他阅读广泛并对尼采哲学产生了浓厚的兴趣。读了尼采的著作之后,叶芝的诗歌和戏剧更具现实和现代性特色,措辞和意象更加简洁明了。另外,威廉·伊尔戴尔认为“叶芝试图将尼采思想引入爱尔兰”。尽管尼采和叶芝出生在不同国家,但是,他们的创作主题具有许多共同性。二者都批判理性主义、工业文明和基督教,它们导致人的生命本能和创造力的下降。为了弘扬生命、反对这些传统文化,尼采和叶芝向艺术求助。他们认为艺术能拯救生命并赋予生命意义,同时二者鼓励人们追求永恒的生命。此外,二者渴望建立理想的社会制度,并由高等人来统治。本论文尝试从主题学角度对尼采和叶芝共同思想主题进行研究,其主体部分的结构如下。在第二章,笔者认为尼采和叶芝都批判一些传统文化,主要包括理性主义、工业文明和基督教。他们认为由于受这些传统文化的侵害,西方人贬低自己的肉体,深陷虚无主义且被异化。另外,笔者还在本章指出二者对基督教的不同看法。在第三章,笔者着重指出尼采和叶芝都弘扬艺术和生命力。他们坚信艺术可以拯救人生并给予生命形而上安慰,这样,人们就会觉得人生值得一过、生命有价值,甚至渴望再活一次。另外,二者都对个人能力的提升和文化的健康发展产生了浓厚的兴趣。他们信仰永恒轮回和现实世界,渴望创造和力量。本章还探讨了两位作者对艺术和永恒轮回的不同看法。笔者在第四章,重点分析尼采和叶芝的另一个共同思想主题——建立理想的贵族主义制度。尼采渴望他理想的超人统治西方世界,叶芝希望像库胡林和沙纳罕这样的英雄人物统治爱尔兰。除此之外,本章还讨论了尼采式超人和叶芝式英雄的不同点。随着科技和经济的飞速发展,今天的人们正面临着精神危机,他们无法理解生命的真正意义。在这样的背景下,对尼采和叶芝共同思想主题进行研究具有一定的价值。
[Abstract]:Friedrich William Nietzsche is one of the most influential and controversial philosophers in the 20th century. Paul Rikl called Nietzsche "one of the'skeptic 'philosophers who was as famous as Marx and Freud." Nietzsche had a wide and profound influence on philosophy, literature, art and culture in the 20 th century. William Butler Yeats's literary creation was deeply influenced by Nietzsche. Yeats was one of the most outstanding poets of the 20 th century. He read extensively and had a strong interest in Nietzsche's philosophy. After reading Nietzsche's works, Yeats's poems and plays are more realistic and modern, and the words and images are more concise and clear. In addition, William Ildell believes that Yeats is trying to introduce Nietzsche thought into Ireland. Although Nietzsche and Yeats were born in different countries, their themes have much in common. Both criticize rationalism, industrial civilization and Christianity, which lead to the decline of human life instinct and creativity. To promote life and oppose these traditional cultures, Nietzsche and Yeats turned to art for help. They believe that art can save lives and give meaning to them, and both encourage people to pursue eternal life. In addition, they aspire to establish an ideal social system and to be ruled by high-ranking people. This thesis attempts to study the theme of Nietzsche and Yeats from the perspective of subject science, the main structure of which is as follows. In the second chapter, the author thinks that Nietzsche and Yeats criticize some traditional culture, including rationalism, industrial civilization and Christianity. They believe that because of these traditional cultures, Westerners degrade their bodies, are mired in nihilism and alienated. In addition, the author points out their different views on Christianity in this chapter. In the third chapter, the author emphatically points out that both Nietzsche and Yeats carry forward art and vitality. They firmly believe that art can save life and give life metaphysical comfort, so that people will feel that life is worth living, life has value, and even desire to live again. In addition, both of them have a strong interest in the promotion of personal abilities and the healthy development of culture. They believe in eternal reincarnation and the real world, yearning for creation and power. This chapter also discusses the author's different views on art and eternal reincarnation. In the fourth chapter, the author analyzes another common theme of Nietzsche and Yeats-the establishment of ideal aristocracy. Nietzsche longed for his ideal superman to rule the West, and Yeats wanted heroes like Kuchulin and Shanahan to rule Ireland. In addition, this chapter discusses the differences between Nietzsche Superman and Yeats hero. With the rapid development of technology and economy, today's people are facing a spiritual crisis, they can not understand the true meaning of life. In this context, the study of Nietzsche and Yeats common thought theme has certain value.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I562.06;B516.47

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