《钢铁是怎样炼成的》一书的文学命运

发布时间：2018-07-10 03:34

本文选题：奥斯特洛夫斯基 + 苏联-俄罗斯　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《钢铁是怎样炼成的》(以下简称《钢铁》)一书,在苏联—俄罗斯以及中国都产生了巨大的影响,但是它的命运跌宕起伏,极其戏剧性,伴随着主流意识形态的改变它的文学命运也一波三折。《钢铁》产生在一个极其特殊的国家的特殊历史时期,这一特殊背景,包括作家自己的特殊经历,使得它有着与以往任何文学作品都不同的独特性。它被赋予了深刻的时代内涵和阶级内涵,但同时,小说也是在继承俄罗斯民族文化传统的基础上产生的。《钢铁》在苏联-俄罗斯的传播过程可以以“解冻”为界分为两个阶段。从小说问世到“解冻”之前,小说在苏联国内备受推崇。爱伦堡的中篇小说《解冻》的发表宣告了俄罗斯文学史上一个新时代的开始,《钢铁》开始受到质疑,并逐渐被遗忘；但是仍然有另一种声音存在,即肯定《钢铁》的意义与价值。在20世纪30、40年代的中国,当时的进步读者就备受《钢铁》精神的鼓舞。新中国建立后,在主流意识形态的支持下,《钢铁》广泛地被人民群众所接受,产生了极其巨大的影响。文革时期,《钢铁》在夹缝中艰难生存,却带给了年轻一代特殊的阅读体验。进入历史新时期,《钢铁》演绎了多元激荡中的命运多重奏。《钢铁》一书中所塑造的保尔形象既是特定时代的思想观念的产物,又具有一定意义上的价值,辩证地分析保尔执着执着追求理想的精神是非常重要的。小说具有艺术性历史文献意义,它的艺术价值也不应忽视。同时,正是由于“经典性”品格的缺失,《钢铁》的文学命运才会跌宕起伏,因为只有远离政治、超越世俗功利价值的文学才有可能成为真正的文学经典。
[Abstract]:The book "how Steel is made" (hereafter referred to as "Iron and Steel") has had a huge impact on Soviet-Russia and China, but its fate has fluctuated and been extremely dramatic. Along with the change of the mainstream ideology, its literary fate is also in a series of twists and turns. Iron and Steel came into being in the special historical period of a very special country, this special background, including the writer's own special experience, This makes it unique to any literary work in the past. It is endowed with a profound connotation of the times and classes, but at the same time, The spread of Iron and Steel in Soviet-Russia can be divided into two stages by thawing. From the beginning of the novel to the thaw, the novel was highly regarded in the Soviet Union. The release of Arenburg's novella thaw marks the beginning of a new era in the history of Russian literature. Steel is beginning to be questioned and gradually forgotten; but there is still another voice. Namely affirm the meaning and value of iron and steel. In China in the 1930s and 1940s, progressive readers were inspired by the spirit of Iron and Steel. After the founding of New China, supported by the mainstream ideology, Iron and Steel was widely accepted by the people and had a great influence. During the Cultural Revolution, Iron and Steel was hard to survive in the gap, but it brought a special reading experience to the younger generation. In the new period of history, "Iron and Steel" deduces the multiple duet of fate in the multitudinous agitation. The image of Paul created in "Iron and Steel" is not only the product of the ideology of a particular era, but also has a certain significance of value. Dialectical analysis of Paul's persistent pursuit of ideal spirit is very important. The novel has artistic historical literature significance, its artistic value should not be ignored. At the same time, it is precisely because of the lack of "classic" character that the fate of "Iron and Steel" literature will fluctuate, because only literature far from politics and surpassing the secular utilitarian value can become a true literary classic.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.074

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