隐秘的身份焦虑：乔伊斯《都柏林人》中的男性气质

发布时间：2018-07-10 04:03

本文选题：《都柏林人》 + 男性气质　；参考：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在《都柏林人》丰硕的学术研究宝库中,性别研究长期以来一直是社会学家探讨的热门话题。故事中的女性角色,历来备受两性研究尤其是女性主义的关注,它们旨在揭示爱尔兰男权社会下女性的悲惨命运和鼓动女性中反抗男权制的声音。然而这一领域中,由于父权社会赋予了男性特权,男性研究并没引起社会学家的兴趣,直到被压迫的群体奋起反抗,向男性权威提出挑战。本论文关注《都柏林人》中男性角色的男性气质并旨在讨论该问题：二十世纪初的都柏林社会中的男性气质的真实状况到底是怎样的?通过深入研究,揭示出文中包括四种类型的男性气质：霸权性,共谋性,从属性和边缘性,男性气质朝着多元化发展。同时,所提四种男性气质分别出于支配性男性的危机、共谋性和从属性男性气质的失意以及边缘性男性气质的幻灭,纷纷遭受自我身份的焦虑。通过研究,也揭示了自我身份的焦虑和不确定性是导致现代男性精神荒芜的一个重要因素,同时乔伊斯对两性的态度也得以新的认识。绪言部分主要总结了女性主义对《都柏林人》的研究,它们对乔伊斯持截然对立的两种观点：一、乔伊斯是父权制的代言人；二、乔伊斯是父权制的批判者。同时介绍了男性气质尤其是澳大利亚社会学家康奈尔的男性气质理论研究的产生和发展。此外,该部分也提出的论文的主要问题、研究方法以及该研究方法在《都柏林人》中的可行性。第一章探讨了支配性男性气质危机和该男性气质的身份焦虑。在《都柏林人》中,支配性男性气质的建构渗透到一些男性的各个生命阶段：童年,青年以及成年。男孩们立下雄心壮志并跃跃一试；青年们刻意朝着支配性的特征努力建构；成年男子则似乎享受建成的快感。表面上看,他们都具有支配性男性气质或者潜质,然而男孩雄心的受阻,青年建立和维护支配性所采取的扭曲的方式以及成年男子所面临的女性的挑战纷纷导致他们建构的失败,从而引发他们对自身身份的焦虑。第二章探讨了共谋性和从属性男性气质的失意以及该男性气质的身份焦虑。故事中的男性,有的是想要建立共谋性男性气质,有的是出于无能和无助被迫接受共谋性和从属性气质。他们都遭受失意,要么出于无力建构支配性或建构失败,要么出于在用扭曲的手段维护受伤的男性气质时面临失败,要么出于无力反抗只得顺从强势女人时内心受创。深陷失意的泥潭里,他们无法确认自己的身份,纷纷焦虑和迷茫。第三章探讨了边缘性男性气质的幻灭和该男性气质的身份焦虑。在一些故事中,男孩和成年男子均有边缘男性气质的潜质和建构的欲望,然而不管他们有意或无意,行动与否,都以失败告终。他们无法改变现实,因而也难以实现理想的边缘性男性气质的建构。这令他们陷入对自我身份的怀疑的困境中,产生焦虑。在结论部分,本文通过展示二十世纪初的都柏林社会中男性气质的真实境况,即男性气质朝着多元化发展且各种男性气质均对自身身份有着焦虑,揭示了自身身份焦虑和迷茫是导致现代男性精神荒原的一个重要原因,同时,乔伊斯扮演的角色其实是一个清醒的旁观者和客观的观察者,也为自己同胞的迷茫和虚无焦虑,挑战了女性主义对乔伊斯对待两性问题的历来两种截然相反的观点。
[Abstract]:In the treasure house of "Dublin people", gender studies have long been a hot topic for sociologists. The female role in the story has always been the focus of gender studies, especially feminism, which aims to reveal the tragic fate of women in the Irish patriarchal society and the voices of women to resist the patriarchal system. However, in this field, as the patriarchal society gives male privileges, male research does not arouse the interest of sociologists until the oppressed groups rise up against the male authority to challenge the male authority. This paper focuses on the masculinity of the male role in the "Dublin people" and aims to discuss the problem: in the early twentieth Century Dublin Society What is the real situation of masculinity? Through in-depth study, it is revealed that four types of masculinity are included: hegemonism, conspiracy, attributes and marginality, and masculinity towards pluralism. At the same time, the four masculinity comes from the crisis of the supporting male, conspiracy and masculinity. The disillusionment and the disillusionment of the marginalized masculinity suffered from the anxiety of self identity. Through the study, the anxiety and uncertainty of self-identity were an important factor leading to the spiritual desolation of modern men, and Joyce's attitude to the sexes was also new.
The preface summarizes the study of feminism to the "Dublin people". They hold two opposing views on Joyce: first, Joyce is the spokesperson for patriarchy; and two, Joyce is a critic of patriarchy. At the same time, it introduces the masculinity theory of masculinity, especially the male temperament of Connell, the Australian sociologist, especially the Australian sociologist Connell. In addition, the main questions, research methods and the feasibility of the research method in Dublin people are also presented in this part.
The first chapter discusses the dominant masculinity crisis and the identity anxiety of the masculinity. In the "Dublin people", the construction of dominant masculinity permeates the life stages of some men: childhood, youth and adult. Adult men seem to enjoy the pleasure of building them. On the surface, they all have a dominant masculinity or potential. However, the hindering of the boys' ambition, the distorting way of building and maintaining the dominance of young men, and the challenges of the women faced by adult men lead them to the failure of their construction, thus causing them to themselves. The anxiety of identity.
The second chapter discusses the conspiracy and the loss of masculinity and the identity anxiety of the masculinity. In the story, some men want to build a conspiracy masculinity, and some are forced to accept conspiracy and attribute temperament out of incompetence and helplessness. They are all frustrated, or out of inability to construct domination or construction failure. Either out of failure to maintain an injured masculinity in a distorted way, or out of inability to resist a strong woman who has to follow a strong woman. In the mire of deep frustration, they are unable to identify their identity, anxiety and confusion.
The third chapter discusses the disillusionment of the marginalized masculinity and the identity anxiety of the masculine temperament. In some stories, boys and adult men have the latent and constructive desire of the marginalized masculinity. However, no matter whether they are intentional or unintentionally or not, they all fail. They can not change the reality and thus make it difficult to achieve the ideal side. The construction of marginal masculinity causes them to feel anxious in their predicament of self identity.
In the conclusion part, by showing the real situation of the masculinity in the Dublin society in the early twentieth Century, that is, the masculinity is diversified and all kinds of masculinity are anxious about their identity. It reveals that the anxiety and confusion of their own identity is an important cause of the modern male spiritual wilderness. At the same time, Joyce plays the role of the male spirit. In fact, the role is a sober spectator and an objective observer, as well as the confusion and nihility of his compatriots, challenging the two opposite views of Feminism on the treatment of the sexes.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I562.074

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