弗罗斯特诗中的劳作：沉潜与超越

发布时间：2018-07-31 13:03

【摘要】：罗伯特·弗罗斯特(Robert Frost,1874~1963)是20世纪美国最著名的诗人之一。他一生创作了大量脍炙人口的名篇，代表诗集有《少年的心愿》(1913)、《波士顿以北》(1914)、《新罕布什尔》(1923)、《见证树》(1942)等。弗罗斯特曾四次获得普利策奖，并享有同时代的其他美国诗人难以比拟的荣誉。他的诗歌深受美国人民欢迎，同时也得到学术界的重视。弗罗斯特的诗向来被认为是通俗易懂的。许多诗评家都为他诗歌简单的语汇、敏锐的观察、淳朴的风格以及独特的创作手法所吸引。弗罗斯特诗歌的魅力在于它貌似简单直接，而实际上并非如此，有评论家认为他是故意隐藏锋芒来运用学识。弗罗斯特在新英格兰地区的农民经历反映在他创作的大量富有浓厚当地风情的田园诗歌中，他被誉为典型“新英格兰诗人”的代表。他在潜身于田园劳作的同时进行诗歌创作，劳作生活经历在他的诗歌中留下了深刻印迹。乡村生活成了他诗歌的重要主题，从田园劳作生活中捕捉到的“意义之音”和“动作声音”成了他主要的诗歌创作元素。诗人在继承传统诗歌韵律的基础上，加入自己新发现的作诗规律，形成了自己的音律风格。劳作对于弗罗斯特来说不是装饰或姿态，，而是生活和诗歌的重要内容，这与当时精英主义倾向的现代派主将不同。弗罗斯特由沉潜逐渐转向超越，他诗中的劳作意象（如劳动工具）作为标志性意象，构建出了内涵丰富的隐喻世界，普通题材背后隐藏着不普通的哲学洞见。在弗罗斯特自创的“田园诗模式”中，劳作意象包含了普遍意蕴，贯穿其中的是他“未完成”、“不确定性”等诗学观念，他的诗歌超越了简单的田园生活。对于弗罗斯特来说，诗歌创作是一种多产的脑力劳动，其意义是超越体力劳动的。他的诗歌营造的田园情境能把简单的语言表达升华为涵义复杂、深刻、无尽的想象世界，使读者能够通过自己的努力获得对诗歌的不同理解。从写作风格与主题来看，弗罗斯特与同时代的诗人非常不同，但他却是真正意义上的现代诗人，因为他对自己所面临的，同时也是现代人所共同面临的的困扰在混乱、不确定的世界中，如何找到人自身的位置和意义进行了探索。弗罗斯特超越了田园劳作经历，采取一种真挚的、不断寻求的姿态去寻求混乱中片刻的停留。他不仅通过诗歌掌握了自身，同时，其诗学观念也对现代诗歌的发展作出了重要贡献。
[Abstract]:Robert Frost 1874-1963 is one of the most famous poets in America in the 20 th century. In his life, he wrote a lot of famous works, representing the collection of poems such as Boys' wishes (1913), North of Boston (1914), New Hampshire (1923), Witness (1942) and so on. Frost had won the Pulitzer Prize four times, and enjoyed an honor incomparable to other American poets of his time. His poems are well received by the American people, but also by the academic community. Frost's poems have always been considered easy to understand. Many poetry critics are attracted by his simple vocabulary, keen observation, simple style and unique creative techniques. The charm of Frost's poetry lies in its simplicity and directness. Frost's experience as a farmer in New England is reflected in his numerous rural poems with strong local style, and he is regarded as the representative of the New England poet. While he was working in the countryside, he wrote poems, and his life experience left a deep imprint in his poems. Rural life has become an important theme of his poetry, and the sound of meaning and movement captured from idyllic life become his main elements of poetry creation. On the basis of inheriting the rhythm of traditional poetry, the poet adds his newly discovered rules of writing poetry and forms his own rhythmic style. Toil is not decoration or posture for Frost, but an important part of life and poetry, which is different from that of the modernist elite tendency at that time. Frost gradually changed from Shen Qian to transcendence. The laboring image (such as labor tools) in his poems, as a symbolic image, constructed a metaphorical world with rich connotation. Behind the common theme, there was an unusual philosophical insight. In Frost's "idyllic pattern", the laboring image contains universal meaning, which runs through his poetic concepts of "unfinished" and "uncertainty", and his poems transcend the simple idyllic life. For Frost, poetry creation is a productive mental work, the meaning of which is beyond manual labor. The pastoral situation created by his poems can sublimate the simple language expression into a complex, profound and endless world of imagination, which enables readers to obtain different understandings of poetry through their own efforts. In terms of writing style and theme, Frost is very different from his contemporary poets, but he is a real modern poet, because he is confused about what he is facing and what modern people are facing. In the uncertain world, how to find one's own position and significance is explored. Frost transcends the idyllic experience and takes a sincere, seeking gesture to seek a moment in chaos. He not only mastered himself through poetry, but also made an important contribution to the development of modern poetry.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.072

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