从空间批评的角度看《第五个孩子》中哈丽特的主体性缺失
发布时间：2018-08-11 15:09
【摘要】：本文从空间批评的角度探讨多丽丝·莱辛的小说《第五个孩子》中女主人公哈丽特特的主体性缺失。多丽丝·莱辛于2007年获得诺贝尔文学奖，被誉为继弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫之后最伟大的女作家。莱辛对女性经验的深深关切贯穿了其整个创作过程。在莱辛看来,女性应该独立,同时积极参与社会活动,并与男性建立平等和合作的关系，进而构建她们的主体性。主体性这个概念古来有之,至今已经太复杂，实难定义。但一般来说,主体性主要包含以下两方面内涵。其一是人在构建自身与社会的和谐关系中应保持自主、独立和平等。它需要社会对其社会价值的认可。其二是人应对其能力持肯定态度并拥有和谐平衡的心理空间。 始于上个世纪最后几十年的“空间转向”是学术领域引人注目的话题。空间批评探讨了空间在人类历史中的重要作用。空间不再被视为人类活动发生的容器中,而是被当作社会关系的一部分，或者用空间批评的术语来讲，社会关系产生人类活动，并同时产生于空间实践。在空间批评家看来，空间并不仅限于其传统的概念,即看得见的地方和建筑等，而是包含了复杂的社会、文化、身份和其他许多内涵。空间批评结合文化研究、身份研究、女权主义和其他后现代主义理论，已经成为一个新的批评方法。它旨在展示在文学文本中，空间实践如何通过空间产生社会关系中的文化、身份、或性别意义。空间批评家也敏锐地捕捉到主观性和空间之间千丝万缕的关系，即两者均可理解为既是真实的,想象的，，又是象征性的，而主体性构建的两个内涵也利用空间并在空间中有所体现。 本文以空间批评为理论基础，论述了哈丽特在社会和心理空间中的主体性缺失。第一部分论述哈丽特在社会空间中的主体性缺失。此处，社会空间将进一步细分为家庭空间和社会空间。在家庭空间中，论述的重点是哈丽特与丈夫的不平等以及依赖关系以及其与孩子们的孤离是通过空间产生的，并体现于空间。然后，论文继续探讨社会空间中，其他人通过空间孤立、批评哈丽特，并否认其价值和能力。第二部分阐述了哈丽特对待其第五个孩子本以及自身的矛盾态度，认为充满冲突和不平衡的心理空间导致其在心理空间中的主体性缺失。 基于上述分析,本文意在传递莱辛用这么一个恐怖故事发出的对女性的警告，如果女性将其主体性的构建仅依托于男性以及家庭之上，其结果只能是事与愿违，即丧失其主体性。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the lack of subjectivity of Harriet, the heroine in Doris Lessing's fifth child from the perspective of spatial criticism. Doris Lessing was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007 as the greatest female writer after Virginia Woolf. Lessing's deep concern for women's experience runs through his creative process. In Lessing's view, women should be independent, actively participate in social activities, and establish equal and cooperative relations with men to build their subjectivity. The concept of subjectivity in ancient times has been too complex to define. But generally speaking, subjectivity mainly contains the following two aspects of connotation. One is that people should maintain autonomy, independence and equality in building their own harmonious relationship with society. It requires social recognition of its social values. Second, people should have a positive attitude towards their ability and have a harmonious and balanced psychological space. The space turn, which began in the last decades of the last century, is a compelling topic in the academic field. Space criticism explores the important role of space in human history. Space is no longer regarded as a container of human activities, but as a part of social relations, or, in the term of space criticism, social relations produce human activities, and at the same time produce from space practice. In the view of space critics, space is not limited to its traditional concepts, such as visible place and architecture, but contains complex social, cultural, identity and many other connotations. Spatial criticism, combined with cultural studies, identity studies, feminism and other postmodernist theories, has become a new method of criticism. It is intended to show how spatial practice generates cultural, identity, or gender meanings in social relations in literary texts. Space critics also keenly capture the inextricable relationship between subjectivity and space, which can be understood as both real, imaginative, and symbolic. The two connotations of subjective construction also use space and are embodied in space. Based on the theory of spatial criticism, this paper discusses Harriet's lack of subjectivity in social and psychological space. The first part discusses Harriet's lack of subjectivity in social space. Here, social space will be further subdivided into family space and social space. In family space, the emphasis is on the inequality and dependence between Harriet and her husband and their isolation from children through space, which is embodied in space. Then, the paper continues to explore social space, others through spatial isolation, criticize Harriet, and deny its value and ability. The second part expounds Harriet's contradictory attitude towards her fifth child and her own contradictory attitude, and holds that the conflict and imbalance of psychological space lead to her lack of subjectivity in psychological space. Based on the above analysis, the purpose of this paper is to convey Lessing's warning to women with such a horror story. If women build their subjectivity only on the basis of men and families, the result can only be counterproductive. That is, losing its subjectivity.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2177361
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the lack of subjectivity of Harriet, the heroine in Doris Lessing's fifth child from the perspective of spatial criticism. Doris Lessing was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007 as the greatest female writer after Virginia Woolf. Lessing's deep concern for women's experience runs through his creative process. In Lessing's view, women should be independent, actively participate in social activities, and establish equal and cooperative relations with men to build their subjectivity. The concept of subjectivity in ancient times has been too complex to define. But generally speaking, subjectivity mainly contains the following two aspects of connotation. One is that people should maintain autonomy, independence and equality in building their own harmonious relationship with society. It requires social recognition of its social values. Second, people should have a positive attitude towards their ability and have a harmonious and balanced psychological space. The space turn, which began in the last decades of the last century, is a compelling topic in the academic field. Space criticism explores the important role of space in human history. Space is no longer regarded as a container of human activities, but as a part of social relations, or, in the term of space criticism, social relations produce human activities, and at the same time produce from space practice. In the view of space critics, space is not limited to its traditional concepts, such as visible place and architecture, but contains complex social, cultural, identity and many other connotations. Spatial criticism, combined with cultural studies, identity studies, feminism and other postmodernist theories, has become a new method of criticism. It is intended to show how spatial practice generates cultural, identity, or gender meanings in social relations in literary texts. Space critics also keenly capture the inextricable relationship between subjectivity and space, which can be understood as both real, imaginative, and symbolic. The two connotations of subjective construction also use space and are embodied in space. Based on the theory of spatial criticism, this paper discusses Harriet's lack of subjectivity in social and psychological space. The first part discusses Harriet's lack of subjectivity in social space. Here, social space will be further subdivided into family space and social space. In family space, the emphasis is on the inequality and dependence between Harriet and her husband and their isolation from children through space, which is embodied in space. Then, the paper continues to explore social space, others through spatial isolation, criticize Harriet, and deny its value and ability. The second part expounds Harriet's contradictory attitude towards her fifth child and her own contradictory attitude, and holds that the conflict and imbalance of psychological space lead to her lack of subjectivity in psychological space. Based on the above analysis, the purpose of this paper is to convey Lessing's warning to women with such a horror story. If women build their subjectivity only on the basis of men and families, the result can only be counterproductive. That is, losing its subjectivity.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
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