《吉姆老爷》的解构主义重读

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:51

【摘要】：作为一位在文学史上占有重要一席之地的波兰裔英国小说家，约瑟夫·康拉德被普遍认为是从维多利亚小说到在内容形式和价值观念上更为困惑和复杂的二十世纪文学转型的主导人物。他著名的小说《吉姆老爷》，自从发表以来就一直颇具争议性，吸引了很多批评家采用各种批评方法对他进行分析。基于国内外对这部小说的大量研究，本论文试图从解构主义视角解读约瑟夫·康拉德的小说《吉姆老爷》。全文由引言、主体和结语三部分组成。引言大致首先介绍了康拉德的成长背景、文学地位、写作特点并介绍了《吉姆老爷》的现有研究成果，最后对本文的理论基础解构主义理论及其研究方法进行了阐述主体部分分为三章进行论述。第一章主要从解构主义理论中“异延”的观点出发，通过分析贯穿小说的中心句“他是我们其中的一员”意义上的模糊性及小说情节上的不确定性从而指出了文本意义及其主题意义的不确定性并对传统解读进行了颠覆。第二章消解了两组传统上的二元对立，即男人与女人，西方人与非西方人。两组二元对立的消解使我们对小说有了一个全新的了解：一方面。珠儿作为小说中唯一的女主人公，敢于为自己的命运作斗争，并且一个和谐且平等的关系建立在珠儿与吉姆之中。另一方面，西方人并不像他们一直所宣称的那样是非西方人的保护者。吉姆做为西方人的代表，给帕图桑带来的不是财富与平静，而是使它处于比以前更加糟糕的境地之中。并且在《吉姆老爷》中西方人的优越性随着二元对立的消解也当然无存。第三章重构了小说的结局，通过对小说结局的解构式阅读，，从而发现吉姆死亡的双重意义。一方面，吉姆的死亡意味着帝国主义强权政策的失败，吉姆作为帝国主义者的代理人来到帕图桑，最终死在了多拉名的枪下从而代表了帝国主义世界的倒塌。另一方面，吉姆的死亡使吉姆得到了重生，一个新的吉姆形象呈现在读者眼前，吉姆不再是一个懦弱和在突发事件发生时缺乏行动的一个人，他毫不犹豫的选择死亡作为对其所犯错误的补偿体现了吉姆的勇气与忠诚，从而长期存在于人们心中的传统形象得到了颠覆。结语对上述章节的分心进行了归纳和总结，强调了小说中语言的不确定性导致小说意义与主题思想的不确定性以及对该小说进行解构主义解读的意义。
[Abstract]:As a Polish English novelist who occupies an important place in the history of literature, Joseph Conrad is widely regarded as the leading figure from Victorian novels to the more confused and complex literary transformation of the 20th century in terms of content forms and values. His famous novel Lord Jim has been controversial since its publication and has attracted many critics to analyze him in various ways. Based on a large number of domestic and international studies on this novel, this thesis attempts to interpret Joseph Conrad's Lord Jim from the perspective of deconstruction. The full text consists of three parts: introduction, subject and conclusion. The introduction begins with a brief introduction to Conrad's growing up background, literary status, writing characteristics and the existing research results of Lord Jim. At last, the main part is divided into three chapters to expound the theory of deconstruction and its research methods. The first chapter mainly starts from the viewpoint of "different extension" in deconstruction theory. By analyzing the fuzziness in the meaning of "he is one of us" and the uncertainty in the plot of the novel, the author points out the uncertainty of the meaning of the text and its thematic meaning and subverts the traditional interpretation. Chapter two dissolves two groups of traditional duality, that is, men and women, westerners and non-westerners. The resolution of two groups of dualistic opposites gives us a new understanding of the novel: on the one hand. As the only heroine in the novel, Pearl dares to fight for her destiny, and a harmonious and equal relationship is established between Pearl and Jim. Westerners, on the other hand, are not the protectors of non-Westerners, as they have always claimed. Jim, as a representative of the West, did not bring wealth and peace to Patuscant, but put him in a worse position than before. And the superiority of Westerners in Lord Jim, of course, does not exist with the dissolution of duality. Chapter three reconstructs the ending of the novel and finds out the double meaning of Jim's death through the deconstructed reading of the ending of the novel. On the one hand, Jim's death meant the defeat of imperialist power policy. Jim came to Patuscant as an agent of the imperialists and finally died under the name of Dora, which represented the collapse of the imperialist world. Jim, on the other hand, was reborn by Jim's death, a new image of Jim in front of the reader, and Jim was no longer a coward and a lack of action in the event of an emergency. He did not hesitate to choose death as compensation for his mistakes, reflecting Jim's courage and loyalty, thus subverting the traditional image that had existed in people's hearts for a long time. The conclusion summarizes the distractions of the above chapters and emphasizes that the uncertainty of the language in the novel leads to the uncertainty of the meaning and the theme of the novel and the significance of deconstruction of the novel.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

【共引文献】