“女性的奥秘”与作为心理自传的《钟形罩》
发布时间：2018-08-14 17:50
【摘要】：《钟形罩》以其作者西尔维娅·普拉斯(1932-1963)早年生活的主要经历为蓝本,忠实地记录了一位充满理想与抱负的年轻女性—埃斯特·格林伍德在似“钟形罩”般压抑的男权社会中苦苦挣扎、陷入精神崩溃、企图自杀并最终走向新生的心路历程。人们给予它很高的评价,有人称其为《麦田守望者》的“女性版”,因为这部小说的语言和思想酷似塞林格的文风；也有人称之为美国青少年文学的奠基之作。《钟形罩》自从1971年于美国再版以来,吸引了批评界的广泛关注,国内外的评论家们主要从女性主义理论、心理学、精神分析学、文化批评等各种角度来解读《钟形罩》的成长主题、女性身份探求主题。诚然,这些评论拓宽了我们的视域,然而对《钟形罩》的研究尚有许多空间。论文作者发现,目前尚无从历史传记式批评角度切入的学术研究,这显然是个缺憾。本论文试图填补这一空缺,将女性批评方法和历史传记式批评结合起来,对《钟形罩》予以剖析,以期深化人们对这部作品的理解并对已有的研究成果作些绵薄的补充。 《钟形罩》是一个典型的女性主义文本。普拉斯通过分析小说女主人公的身份困惑---即埃斯特在面临事业和家庭的选择时的困境、保持贞洁的矛盾心态以及榜样缺失等问题实现了她对女性主题的探索。所以,对这部小说的研究始终绕不过女性主义批评视角。本论文既不偏离女性主义批评的方向,又以历史传记式批评方法为创新点,对这部普遍被看作“自传体小说”的作品提出一种新的解读。本论文将《钟形罩》置入美国社会五十年代的历史语境中,通过研究普拉斯的日记、家书及传记等生平资料,来展示真实自我(普拉斯)与虚拟自我(埃斯特)之间的异同,并试图揭示埃斯特这一艺术形象的原型虽然来自于作家普拉斯,但却代表了普拉斯“理想的自我”。普拉斯让虚构文本内的主人公埃斯特坚守对男权文化的反抗精神,从而填补了她自身的心理缺失。 全文共有五章。第一章为引言,简要介绍作者西尔维亚·普拉斯及其作品《钟形罩》,并对《钟形罩》的国内外研究现状作了综述,指出了评论家们主要从女性主义理论、心理学、精神分析学、文化批评等各种角度对这部小说展开研究。在吸收借鉴他们研究成果的基础上,本文试图在在传统的女性主义批评方法的基础上引入历史传记式批评这一全新的视角进一步加深、拓宽对小说的理解。并对本文的理论基础——历史传记式批评方法的核心观念也作了简明阐述。第二、三、四章是本文最重要的部分,主要展示了小说主人公埃斯特与作家普拉斯的异同。第二章先从政治、经济、文化三个方面细致地分析了美国五十年代的历史环境；然后从性别研究的角度出发,分析主人公埃斯特／作者普拉斯在这种历史背景下所经历的身份困惑问题。第三章阐释了埃斯特／普拉斯在男权社会的压抑下从自恋、自我分裂直至走向自我毁灭的心路历程,并试图探究埃斯特/普拉斯精神分裂的成因。第四章联系普拉斯个人的生平遭际,阐明埃斯特这一女性形象实为作者“理想化的自我”。普拉斯无力挣脱无所不在的“钟形罩”的束缚,并最终以自杀逃避生存困境。然而她笔下的埃斯特却以自己独特的方式去抵抗男权文化对女性的抑制和剥夺,获得了新生。通过以上的讨论,本文在第五章得出结论：虽然《钟形罩》带有明显的自传性,但小说的主人公不可能是作者的自我写照。而如传记理论家埃金所言,它确是“一种自我创造和自我发明的心理行为进化过程”。实际上,通过撰写《钟形罩》,普拉斯表达了她挑战父权文化的理想,实现了对美国社会五十年代畸形的性别文化—“女性的奥秘”的超越。
[Abstract]:Based on the main experiences of Sylvia Plath (1932-1963), the bell-shaped mask faithfully records a young woman full of ideals and aspirations, Esther Greenwood, struggling in a bell-shaped oppressive patriarchal society, falling into a mental breakdown, attempting to commit suicide and eventually moving toward a new heart. It has been highly praised as the "female edition" of The Catcher in the Rye, for its language and thought are similar to Salinger's style, and also as the founding work of American youth literature. Critics interpret the growth theme and female identity theme of Bell Jar from various perspectives, such as feminist theory, psychology, psychoanalysis, and cultural criticism. Of course, these reviews broaden our horizons, but there is still much room for the study of Bell Jar. The author finds that there is no historical biography yet. This paper attempts to fill this gap by combining feminist criticism with historical biographical criticism and analyzing the bell-shaped mask in order to deepen people's understanding of this work and to make some slight supplements to the existing research results.
The bell-shaped mask is a typical feminist text. By analyzing the identity perplexity of the heroine in the novel, that is, Esther's dilemma in choosing a career and a family, her ambivalence of chastity and her lack of role models, Plath has realized her exploration of the theme of women. Therefore, the study of the novel has always been around. From the perspective of feminist criticism, this paper not only deviates from the direction of feminist criticism, but also puts forward a new interpretation of the novel, which is generally regarded as an autobiographical novel, based on the method of historical biographical criticism. Diaries, family books and biographies show the similarities and differences between the real self (Plath) and the virtual self (Esther), and try to reveal that the archetype of Esther's artistic image comes from the writer Plath, but it represents Plath's "ideal self." Plath makes the hero in the fictional text adhere to the opposite. The rebellion spirit of male power culture fills her own psychological deficiency.
The first chapter is an introduction to Sylvia Plath and his work The Bell-Shaped Hood. It also summarizes the research status of the Bell-Shaped Hood at home and abroad. It points out that critics mainly study the novel from the perspectives of feminist theory, psychology, psychoanalysis and cultural criticism. On the basis of their research results, this paper attempts to introduce the new perspective of historical biographical criticism into the traditional feminist criticism methods to further deepen and broaden the understanding of the novel. The chapter is the most important part of this paper, which mainly shows the similarities and differences between Esther and Plath. Chapter two first analyzes the historical environment of the 1950s in detail from three aspects of politics, economy and culture, and then analyzes the historical background of Esther / Plath from the perspective of gender studies. Chapter 3 illustrates Esther/Plath's psychological process from narcissism, self-disintegration to self-destruction under the oppression of the patriarchal society, and tries to explore the causes of Esther/Plath's schizophrenia. Chapter 4 illustrates Esther as a female image in connection with Plath's personal life experience. As the author's "idealized ego", Plath is unable to break free from the bondage of the omnipresent "bell-shaped mask" and eventually escapes from the plight of survival by suicide. However, Esther in her works has gained a new life by resisting the suppression and deprivation of women by the patriarchal culture in her own unique way. The conclusion is that although the bell-shaped mask is obviously autobiographical, the hero of the novel can not be the author's self-portrayal. As biographical theorist Ekin puts it, it is indeed "a process of evolution of self-creation and self-invention in psychological behavior." In fact, by writing the bell-shaped mask, Plath expresses her challenge to patriarchal culture. I want to achieve the transcendence of the "gender mystery" of the 50s society, which is deformed in American society.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2183639
[Abstract]:Based on the main experiences of Sylvia Plath (1932-1963), the bell-shaped mask faithfully records a young woman full of ideals and aspirations, Esther Greenwood, struggling in a bell-shaped oppressive patriarchal society, falling into a mental breakdown, attempting to commit suicide and eventually moving toward a new heart. It has been highly praised as the "female edition" of The Catcher in the Rye, for its language and thought are similar to Salinger's style, and also as the founding work of American youth literature. Critics interpret the growth theme and female identity theme of Bell Jar from various perspectives, such as feminist theory, psychology, psychoanalysis, and cultural criticism. Of course, these reviews broaden our horizons, but there is still much room for the study of Bell Jar. The author finds that there is no historical biography yet. This paper attempts to fill this gap by combining feminist criticism with historical biographical criticism and analyzing the bell-shaped mask in order to deepen people's understanding of this work and to make some slight supplements to the existing research results.
The bell-shaped mask is a typical feminist text. By analyzing the identity perplexity of the heroine in the novel, that is, Esther's dilemma in choosing a career and a family, her ambivalence of chastity and her lack of role models, Plath has realized her exploration of the theme of women. Therefore, the study of the novel has always been around. From the perspective of feminist criticism, this paper not only deviates from the direction of feminist criticism, but also puts forward a new interpretation of the novel, which is generally regarded as an autobiographical novel, based on the method of historical biographical criticism. Diaries, family books and biographies show the similarities and differences between the real self (Plath) and the virtual self (Esther), and try to reveal that the archetype of Esther's artistic image comes from the writer Plath, but it represents Plath's "ideal self." Plath makes the hero in the fictional text adhere to the opposite. The rebellion spirit of male power culture fills her own psychological deficiency.
The first chapter is an introduction to Sylvia Plath and his work The Bell-Shaped Hood. It also summarizes the research status of the Bell-Shaped Hood at home and abroad. It points out that critics mainly study the novel from the perspectives of feminist theory, psychology, psychoanalysis and cultural criticism. On the basis of their research results, this paper attempts to introduce the new perspective of historical biographical criticism into the traditional feminist criticism methods to further deepen and broaden the understanding of the novel. The chapter is the most important part of this paper, which mainly shows the similarities and differences between Esther and Plath. Chapter two first analyzes the historical environment of the 1950s in detail from three aspects of politics, economy and culture, and then analyzes the historical background of Esther / Plath from the perspective of gender studies. Chapter 3 illustrates Esther/Plath's psychological process from narcissism, self-disintegration to self-destruction under the oppression of the patriarchal society, and tries to explore the causes of Esther/Plath's schizophrenia. Chapter 4 illustrates Esther as a female image in connection with Plath's personal life experience. As the author's "idealized ego", Plath is unable to break free from the bondage of the omnipresent "bell-shaped mask" and eventually escapes from the plight of survival by suicide. However, Esther in her works has gained a new life by resisting the suppression and deprivation of women by the patriarchal culture in her own unique way. The conclusion is that although the bell-shaped mask is obviously autobiographical, the hero of the novel can not be the author's self-portrayal. As biographical theorist Ekin puts it, it is indeed "a process of evolution of self-creation and self-invention in psychological behavior." In fact, by writing the bell-shaped mask, Plath expresses her challenge to patriarchal culture. I want to achieve the transcendence of the "gender mystery" of the 50s society, which is deformed in American society.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
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