从生态批评视角解读《还乡》

发布时间：2018-08-18 17:35

【摘要】：托马斯哈代是19世纪末至20世纪初英国转型时期的重要小说家，同时也是一位杰出的诗人。他以“性格与环境小说”享誉世界。《还乡》就是这个系列的代表作之一。在该小说中，他把人物命运与生态环境紧密联系起来，呼吁人类与自然建立和谐的关系。本文拟以生态批评理论为指导，探索其中所蕴含的生态思想，揭示其对构建和谐生态环境的启示价值。生态批评理论以文学作品中人类与自然的关系为内核，以内在价值和整体观为核心概念，承认自然的价值，视自然和人类为生态系统必不可少的组成部分，认为两者享有同等的权利，拥有同等的地位。因此，人与自然当在同一生态系统内互相协调。本文除去引言和结论部分，主体由四章组成。第一章梳理并综述了国内外学界对该小说所做的相关研究。第二章主要阐述生态批评理论及其对本文的指导意义。第三章着重关注小说中展现的不和谐的因素，从而为频繁遭遇生态危机的人类探索生态带来启示。第四章仍以生态批评理论为指导，深入文本分析，阐释小说中和谐的自然世界，以及人与自然和谐交融的一面。《还乡》中的自然界充满了生机活力，还不乏神秘色彩，具有丰富的象征意义。自然事物都具有内在价值，，且独立于人的意识而存在。该小说中的伊顿荒原在哈代笔下具有人格化的倾向，表现出一种神秘的力量，操纵着故事主人公的命运。此外，小说中展现的人与自然的关系具有深刻的历史背景。工业化入侵不仅扭曲了人与自然的关系，也扭曲了人与人之间的关系，甚至还造成了人们内心世界的失衡。小说中远离自然或无法与自然和谐相处的角色都以悲剧告终，而那些能与自然保持和谐关系的角色最后都拥有美好的结局。从某种意义上说，该小说人物的不同命运其实就是人与自然关系的一种隐喻，由此也可以看出哈代的生态整体观。如今生态危机愈演愈烈，人与自然的关系已经成为社会关注的焦点。本文从生态批评角度阐释《还乡》，旨在挖掘小说中蕴含的生态哲思，呼吁在处理人与自然的关系上建构一种生态整体的观念。
[Abstract]:Thomas Hardy is an important novelist and an outstanding poet in the transition period of England from the end of 19 th century to the beginning of 20 th century. He is famous all over the world for his novels of character and Environment. Return home is one of the masterpieces of this series. In the novel, he closely links the fate of the characters with the ecological environment and calls for a harmonious relationship between human beings and nature. Under the guidance of the theory of ecological criticism, this paper explores the ecological thought contained therein and reveals its enlightening value to the construction of harmonious ecological environment. The theory of ecological criticism takes the relationship between human beings and nature in literature as the core, takes the intrinsic value and holistic view as the core concept, recognizes the value of nature, and regards nature and human beings as essential components of the ecosystem. It is believed that both have the same rights and equal status. Therefore, man and nature should be in harmony with each other in the same ecosystem. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the main body consists of four chapters. The first chapter combs and summarizes the domestic and foreign academic circles to this novel related research. The second chapter mainly expounds the ecological criticism theory and its guiding significance to this paper. The third chapter focuses on the disharmonious factors in the novel, thus bringing enlightenment to the human beings who frequently encounter ecological crisis. The fourth chapter is still guided by the theory of ecological criticism, deeply analyzes the text, explains the harmonious natural world in the novel, and the harmony between man and nature. The nature in returning Home is full of vigor and vitality. There are also many mysterious colors, with rich symbolic significance. All natural things have intrinsic value and exist independently of human consciousness. The Eton wasteland in the novel has the tendency of personification in Hardy's works, showing a mysterious power, manipulating the fate of the protagonist. In addition, the relationship between man and nature in the novel has a profound historical background. The invasion of industrialization not only distorts the relationship between man and nature, but also distorts the relationship between man and man, and even causes the imbalance of people's inner world. The characters who are far away from nature or unable to live in harmony with nature end in tragedy, and those who can maintain harmonious relationship with nature have a happy ending in the end. In a sense, the different fates of the characters in the novel are in fact a metaphor for the relationship between man and nature. Nowadays, the ecological crisis is becoming more and more serious, and the relationship between man and nature has become the focus of attention. This paper, from the angle of ecological criticism, explains returning to hometown, aiming at excavating the ecological philosophy contained in the novel and calling for the construction of an ecological whole concept in dealing with the relationship between man and nature.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.074

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