《美国牧歌》的存在主义解读

发布时间：2018-08-22 13:52

【摘要】：菲利普罗斯是当代最优秀的作家之一。凭借其作品丰富的题材和大胆的创新，他多次获得各种文学奖项和荣誉。他的创作高峰不断，许多作品一经出版就引起文学界的广泛关注。他也因此被称为美国文坛继海明威和福克纳之后最具影响力的犹太作家。由于犹太民族独特的历史、社会和文化特点，存在主义在当代美国犹太文学作品中有诸多体现。存在主义者关注的是人类的本质和生存境遇，因此存在主义的文学作品侧重控诉现代社会的荒诞、冷漠以及人们所感受到的痛苦、扭曲和自欺。因此本文以存在主义为基础，来探析《美国牧歌》中所体现的荒诞、冷漠和痛苦主题。本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。主要内容如下：第一部分是导论。导论部分首先简要介绍菲利普罗斯的生平及其文学作品，其中着重介绍《美国牧歌》。其次，，本文对罗斯作品的研究现状进行简要的概括和总结，并从存在主义主旨的角度出发,阐明分析《美国牧歌》的荒诞、孤独和痛苦主题的重要意义。第二部分是正文，由三部分组成：第一章主要介绍存在主义的起源、发展以及主要观点,从历史、文化和社会方面探讨存在主义诞生的根源，并将简要介绍存在主义的代表人物及其伟大作品以及深远影响。本文主要运用萨特的存在主义观点来解析《美国牧歌》中的存在主义色彩和元素。第二章深入探讨存在主义的三个基本元素：荒诞、孤独和痛苦。本文首先讨论存在主义的一个中心主旨：世界的荒诞。世界是混乱的、偶然的，荒谬的，而人生是痛苦的，这就是《美国牧歌》中人物所面临的人生困境。瑞典佬不断加深对生活的认识并拼命在这个荒诞、混乱的世界挣扎着生存。在此过程中，他惊奇的发现存在本身以及整个世界都是无意义的。其次,本文讨论存在主义的另一个元素，孤独。萨特认为，孤独无处不在。罗斯对这种无处不在的孤独很感兴趣，并在《美国牧歌》中生动地描述孤独。他以微妙或大胆的方式刻画出人们的孤独感，并使读者能感受到这种孤独和忧伤。孤独无声、无形，因此不可知。人类需要通过不断反思来找寻走出这无边无际、无穷无尽的孤独之海的出路。第二章的最后一部分探讨了“痛苦”。萨特曾经说过，“我们不能克服痛苦，因为我们本身就是痛苦。”小说为读者展开一幅20世纪60年代的悲剧人生图。在图中，瑞典佬渴望过上宁静的田园生活，但最终失败，并饱尝了人生的孤独和痛苦。第三章主要围绕荒诞、孤独和痛苦所带来的人性的扭曲和自欺来展开。因为客观世界是冷漠残酷的，所以人性被扭曲，人们走向自欺。本文在这里深入分析人们在人生的斗争中受到的外力摧残，一种是人们被现代工业发展摧残而碎片化；另一种是人们被冷漠的社会所异化。现代工业文明使人类难以保持健康的人性，人们迷失在对物质财富的盲目的、无限的追求中，人性被毒害、扭曲，人们普遍感受到心灵上的空虚和痛苦。根据存在主义者的观点，碎片化、异化和自欺是当代人们的通病,而这些是由人的基本生存状态所引起的必然后果。最后一部分是结论，这部分主要对前面论述进行总结，并点出本文的主旨。罗斯在萨特的存在主义的影响下创造出具有犹太色彩的《美国牧歌》。书中描绘的关于动乱、暴力、废弃、死亡的场景仿佛漂浮在读者面前，令人感到荒诞、孤独和痛苦，因此揭露了当代人们的情感危机和心灵危机。书中描绘的瑞典佬在冷漠下陷的世界中的痛苦和绝望，时刻提醒着人类要关注自己的生存状态。罗斯希望人们能竭尽全力改变自己的生存状态。凭借此书，他超越了犹太作家的局限，把目光放向全人类，呼吁全人类——而不仅仅是哲学家、作家去关心人类的命运前途。
[Abstract]:Philip Roth is one of the best contemporary writers. With his rich themes and bold innovations, he has won many literary awards and honors. A Jewish writer with loud voice.
Because of the unique historical, social and cultural characteristics of the Jewish nation, existentialism is embodied in many contemporary American Jewish literary works. Existentialists are concerned about the nature of human beings and their living conditions. Therefore, existentialist literary works lay particular emphasis on accusing the absurdity, indifference, pain, distortion and freedom of modern society. Bullying. Therefore, based on existentialism, this paper explores the absurd, indifferent and painful themes embodied in American Pastoral.
This paper consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The first part is an introduction. The first part briefly introduces Philip Rose's life and his literary works, with emphasis on American Pastoral. Secondly, this paper briefly summarizes and summarizes the current research situation of Rose's works, and expounds and analyzes the absurd, lonely and painful theme of American Pastoral from the perspective of existentialism. The significance of the question.
The second part is the main body and consists of three parts.
The first chapter mainly introduces the origin, development and main viewpoints of existentialism, discusses the origin of existentialism from the historical, cultural and social aspects, and briefly introduces the representative figures of existentialism, its great works and far-reaching influence. Meaning color and elements.
Chapter Two probes into the three basic elements of existentialism: absurdity, loneliness and pain. First of all, this paper discusses one of the central themes of existentialism: the absurdity of the world. The world is chaotic, accidental, absurd, and life is painful. This is the dilemma faced by the characters in American Pastoral. The Swedes are deepening their understanding of life. Knowing and struggling to survive in this absurd, chaotic world, he was amazed to discover that existence itself and the whole world are meaningless. Second, this article discusses another element of existentialism, loneliness. Sartre believes that loneliness is everywhere. Ross is interested in this ubiquitous loneliness and in Chapter Three focuses on the distortion and self-deception of human nature caused by absurdity, loneliness and pain. Because the objective world is cold and cruel, human nature is distorted and people tend to deceive themselves. This paper makes a thorough analysis of the cruelty people suffer in the struggle for life. One is that people are destroyed and fragmented by the development of modern industry. Modern industrial civilization makes it difficult for human beings to maintain a healthy human nature. People are lost in the blind and infinite pursuit of material wealth. Human nature is poisoned and distorted. People generally feel the emptiness and pain of their souls. According to existentialists, fragmentation, alienation and self-deception are The common faults of contemporary people are the inevitable consequences caused by the basic living conditions of human beings.
The last part is the conclusion, which summarizes the previous discussion and points out the main point of this article. Ross created the Jewish American Pastoral under the influence of Sartre's existentialism. The scenes of turmoil, violence, abandonment, and death in the book seem to float in front of readers, making people feel absurd, lonely and painful. The Swedish pain and despair depicted in this book reminds us to pay close attention to our own living conditions. Rose hopes that people will do their utmost to change their living conditions. With this book, he transcends the limitations of Jewish writers and looks into the future. To all mankind, we appeal to all mankind, not just philosophers, to care about the future of human destiny.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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