论《小城畸人》中的自然主义因子
发布时间：2018-09-13 09:13
【摘要】：舍伍德安德森（Sherwood Anderson,1876-1941）是美国文学史上重要的小说家。其代表作是出版于1919年的《小城畸人》，初译为《俄亥俄州的瓦恩斯堡镇》，因其独特的叙事技巧、写作风格、大胆的主题等而深受读者的喜爱和学者的青睐。 本文以法国自然主义文学大师爱弥尔左拉（1840-1902）自然主义理论中的“真实感”为依据，旨在研究《小城畸人》这部作品中的自然主义因子。首先，仔细阅读，可以发现“真实感”包含“客观真实”和“心理真实”这两个层面，它们在这部作品中得到很好的体现。安德森不仅真实记录下处于从农业社会向工业社会转型期间的美国中西部小城居民生活所发生的微妙变化外，而且他还把笔触伸到人物的心理层面，，勾勒出一群小城“畸人”形象。第二，小说中自然环境和社会环境的详尽描述和在这一环境下人物畸形外表的细微刻画，印证“真实感”的第一层面：“客观真实”。第三，通过对作品中主要人物的畸形的心理的忠实描述，印证“真实感”的第二层面：“心理真实”。最后，指出摆脱这种畸形心理的关键在于：相互理解和交流、理解爱的本质、走出小城。 通过对《小城畸人》内容的仔细分析，发现这部作品中包含诸多自然主义因子，其心理真实层面的描述远远多于客观真实层面的描述。据此可以看出安德森更加注重对人物心理的探求，尤其是处于社会转型期间小城居民心理所遭受的压抑和扭曲，所以才创作出美国文学史上独特的“畸人”群体。这一方面体现出安德森对已逝的美好田园生活的怀念和对造成小城居民身心畸形的工业化和机械化的强烈谴责，另一方面也体现出作为自然主义作家的安德森的高度的社会责任感。 尽管用不同文学批评理论对《小城畸人》的解读从未停止过，但用左拉的文学自然主义理论对其进行较为详尽地解读尚无人触及。希望这是一个有益的尝试，能够推进全方位地解读该部作品。
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson,1876-1941 is an important novelist in the history of American literature. His masterpiece was published in 1919, translated as Waxburg, Ohio. It is popular with readers and scholars because of its unique narrative skills, writing style, bold themes and so on. This paper is based on the naturalism theory of Emile Zola (1840-1902) in French naturalist literature, and aims to study the naturalistic factors in the novel "the Terror of the small Town". First of all, after careful reading, we can find that "reality" includes "objective reality" and "psychological truth", which are well embodied in this work. Anderson not only truly records the subtle changes that have taken place in the lives of small Midwestern townspeople during the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, but he also extends his strokes to the psychological level of the characters. Outline the image of a group of small towns. Secondly, the detailed description of the natural environment and social environment in the novel and the detailed depiction of the deformed appearance of the characters in this environment confirm the first level of the "sense of reality": "objective reality". Thirdly, through the faithful description of the abnormal psychology of the main characters in the works, the second level of "the sense of reality" is confirmed: "the psychological truth". Finally, it is pointed out that the key to get rid of this abnormal psychology lies in mutual understanding and communication, understanding the essence of love, and walking out of the town. Through a careful analysis of the contents of the novel, it is found that there are many naturalistic factors in this novel, and the description of the psychological reality is far more than that of the objective reality. Based on this, we can see that Anderson pays more attention to the exploration of characters' psychology, especially the depression and distortion of the psychology of the residents of small towns during the period of social transformation, so he creates a unique group of "abnormal people" in the history of American literature. This, on the one hand, reflects Anderson's nostalgia for the beautiful pastoral life that has passed away and his strong condemnation of the industrialization and mechanization of the physical and mental malformations of the inhabitants of the small town. On the other hand, it also reflects Anderson's high sense of social responsibility as a naturalist writer. Although different literary criticism theories have never stopped the interpretation of the book, Zola's theory of literary naturalism has not been touched upon in detail. I hope this is a useful attempt to promote the comprehensive interpretation of this work.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2240718
[Abstract]:Sherwood Anderson,1876-1941 is an important novelist in the history of American literature. His masterpiece was published in 1919, translated as Waxburg, Ohio. It is popular with readers and scholars because of its unique narrative skills, writing style, bold themes and so on. This paper is based on the naturalism theory of Emile Zola (1840-1902) in French naturalist literature, and aims to study the naturalistic factors in the novel "the Terror of the small Town". First of all, after careful reading, we can find that "reality" includes "objective reality" and "psychological truth", which are well embodied in this work. Anderson not only truly records the subtle changes that have taken place in the lives of small Midwestern townspeople during the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society, but he also extends his strokes to the psychological level of the characters. Outline the image of a group of small towns. Secondly, the detailed description of the natural environment and social environment in the novel and the detailed depiction of the deformed appearance of the characters in this environment confirm the first level of the "sense of reality": "objective reality". Thirdly, through the faithful description of the abnormal psychology of the main characters in the works, the second level of "the sense of reality" is confirmed: "the psychological truth". Finally, it is pointed out that the key to get rid of this abnormal psychology lies in mutual understanding and communication, understanding the essence of love, and walking out of the town. Through a careful analysis of the contents of the novel, it is found that there are many naturalistic factors in this novel, and the description of the psychological reality is far more than that of the objective reality. Based on this, we can see that Anderson pays more attention to the exploration of characters' psychology, especially the depression and distortion of the psychology of the residents of small towns during the period of social transformation, so he creates a unique group of "abnormal people" in the history of American literature. This, on the one hand, reflects Anderson's nostalgia for the beautiful pastoral life that has passed away and his strong condemnation of the industrialization and mechanization of the physical and mental malformations of the inhabitants of the small town. On the other hand, it also reflects Anderson's high sense of social responsibility as a naturalist writer. Although different literary criticism theories have never stopped the interpretation of the book, Zola's theory of literary naturalism has not been touched upon in detail. I hope this is a useful attempt to promote the comprehensive interpretation of this work.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
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