论《艰难时世》中的环境描写
发布时间：2018-09-14 17:48
【摘要】：《艰难时世》是十九世纪英国批判现实主义大师查尔斯·狄更斯创作黄金时期的重要作品。作为一个对社会问题极为敏感的批判现实主义小说家，狄更斯在资本主义工业城市的虚浮繁华下看见了伤痕累累的城市废墟。在《艰难时世》里，狄更斯创造出了一个畸形的空间，，焦煤镇汇聚了这个时代工业城市的所有鲜明特征，焦煤镇就是当时英国工业资本主义发展的缩影。笼罩市镇的滚滚浓烟让人喘不过气来，染成紫色的河水臭不可闻，红色砖房如同野人涂抹的花脸，沾满灰尘的长青树完全失去了活力。整座市镇仿佛是大地上的一块黑斑。工人们的工作环境极其糟糕，住宿条件让人心酸，而资本家们却在洋房别墅里享受着工业文明带来的奢侈生活。 各种扭曲的制度和规则让人的生活极其痛苦。自然生态的失衡，导致了社会生态的变异，在恶劣的自然环境和残酷的社会环境的双重打压下，人与人之间的关系也变得异常实际，不健康的精神生态被迫形成。本文通过对小说中社会环境和自然环境的整理，分析了狄更斯在营造环境时的描写方式，探讨了外部环境对人物塑造的重要影响，肯定了小说中环境描写的价值。 小说基于作者对十九世纪中叶英国工业状况的细致观察和对资本主义社会人类状况的深入思考，生动描述了当时社会的现实生活，精心塑造了一批性格鲜明的典型人物，有力抨击了资产阶级的功利主义和事实哲学。通过对焦煤镇的社会环境、自然环境和复杂的人际关系的详细刻画，表达了狄更斯对工业文明肆意扩张造成的环境污染和人性异化的极度痛心和强烈愤恨，透露出狄更斯向往健康的社会生态，主张回归自然的生态思想萌芽。
[Abstract]:In hard times, Dickens creates a deformed space, and coking coal town, which epitomized the development of industrial capitalism in England, brought together all the distinctive features of the industrial city of this era. The smoke billowing over the town was breathless, the purple water smelly, the red brick house like the blooming face of the savage, the dusty evergreen tree completely dead. The whole town was like a black spot on the earth. Distorted institutions and rules make life extremely painful. The imbalance of natural ecology leads to the variation of social ecology. Under the dual pressure of harsh natural environment and cruel social environment, the relationship between people has become extremely practical, and the unhealthy spiritual ecology has been forced to form. Based on the arrangement of the social environment and the natural environment in the novel, this paper analyzes Dickens' description of the environment, probes into the important influence of the external environment on the characterization of the characters, and affirms the value of the environmental description in the novel. Based on the author's careful observation of the industrial situation in Britain in the middle of the nineteenth century and his deep reflection on the human condition of capitalist society, the novel vividly describes the real life of the society at that time, and meticulously shapes a group of typical characters with a bright personality. A powerful critic of bourgeois utilitarianism and de facto philosophy. Through a detailed description of the social environment, natural environment and complex interpersonal relationships in Coking Coal Town, Dickens expresses Dickens' extreme grief and strong resentment at the environmental pollution and alienation of human nature caused by the wanton expansion of industrial civilization. It revealed that Dickens yearned for healthy social ecology and advocated the sprout of ecological thought of returning to nature.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2243431
[Abstract]:In hard times, Dickens creates a deformed space, and coking coal town, which epitomized the development of industrial capitalism in England, brought together all the distinctive features of the industrial city of this era. The smoke billowing over the town was breathless, the purple water smelly, the red brick house like the blooming face of the savage, the dusty evergreen tree completely dead. The whole town was like a black spot on the earth. Distorted institutions and rules make life extremely painful. The imbalance of natural ecology leads to the variation of social ecology. Under the dual pressure of harsh natural environment and cruel social environment, the relationship between people has become extremely practical, and the unhealthy spiritual ecology has been forced to form. Based on the arrangement of the social environment and the natural environment in the novel, this paper analyzes Dickens' description of the environment, probes into the important influence of the external environment on the characterization of the characters, and affirms the value of the environmental description in the novel. Based on the author's careful observation of the industrial situation in Britain in the middle of the nineteenth century and his deep reflection on the human condition of capitalist society, the novel vividly describes the real life of the society at that time, and meticulously shapes a group of typical characters with a bright personality. A powerful critic of bourgeois utilitarianism and de facto philosophy. Through a detailed description of the social environment, natural environment and complex interpersonal relationships in Coking Coal Town, Dickens expresses Dickens' extreme grief and strong resentment at the environmental pollution and alienation of human nature caused by the wanton expansion of industrial civilization. It revealed that Dickens yearned for healthy social ecology and advocated the sprout of ecological thought of returning to nature.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074
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