《螺丝在拧紧》中的女性叙述主体研究

发布时间：2018-09-16 18:54

【摘要】：亨利·詹姆斯是西方现代主义文学的奠基者之一,是一位享誉国际的经典作家,在他长达五十余年的创作生涯中,孜孜耕耘,留下了卷帙浩繁的文学财富。他本人被称为“他那一代人中最聪明的人”,“美国最伟大的小说家”。国外的詹姆斯研究与他的创作基本同步,国内自20世纪20年代末兴起,逐渐成为关注的重点。如今,詹姆斯研究已成为一门显学。本论文选取詹姆斯唯一一部以第一人称为叙述视角的中篇小说《螺丝在拧紧》,旨在分析小说中的女性叙述主体,探讨男权文化的社会历史语境中,女性被边缘化、客体化的生存境遇以及自我身份认同的缺失。对于虚构文本中的女性人物而言,性别视角是至关重要的切入口。因此,将女性主义与叙事学相结合开辟了女性主义叙事学的新视野,其旨趣在于通过叙事形式技巧发难与追问文本背后的性别政治以及社会意识形态。本论文以叙事学为经、女性主义为纬,考察社会历史语境中的性别政治如何切入叙事文本的形式层面,塑造供男性赏玩的“第二性”。论文由五部分组成：绪论介绍了詹姆斯的生平简介、创作情况,探讨了国内外对詹姆斯的研究状况,并对本论文的研究目的及特色创新作了扼要的说明,最后对叙述主体、不可靠叙述等相关术语进行了必要的界定,为正文的顺利开展做好铺垫。第一章提出《螺丝在拧紧》中的女性叙述主体为不可靠叙述者的论断,并对其不可靠性作了阐述与论证。叙述主体的不可靠首先表现在不充分报道上：话语层与故事层断裂；文本重要信息延宕甚至存在叙述残缺；叙述自我与经验自我之间出现悖论。叙述主体的不可靠性同样出现在其无意识心理中,笔者由此挖掘出隐藏在不可靠叙述背后的某种“真实”。第二章探讨《螺丝在拧紧》中的女性叙述主体失语的被动处境,并挖掘了失语形成的原因与表现。首先,文本中的庄园、塔楼是等级制与父权制的堡垒与象征,男主人以隐退的方式确立了叙述权威；其次,小说框架式的叙述结构合法地剥夺了叙述主体的话语权；最后,一系列的违逆常理进一步消解了叙述主体的权威性,小说因此沦为父权制下男性的言说权威与欲望的表达。第三章着眼于对女性生存境遇的反思。首先,笔者借助詹姆斯预留在文中的阿里阿德涅彩线,即幽灵,获得了更深层次的审美感受；其次,剖析了以男权为主导的维多利亚时期女性尴尬的处境和令人窒息的生存空问；最后,探讨了詹姆斯是否真正了解女性所想所需,他对女性的兴味关怀是否该引起我们的深刻反思。结语部分提出詹姆斯在背景人物设置上所遵循的一个颇有意味的叙事策略——父亲的缺场。父亲的不在场创设了某种解构父权的假象,反讽性地暴露了女性弱者的性别特征,把读者带入了想象的女性主义解读中。詹姆斯钟爱并长于刻画女性,他对于女性理想的出发点和态度与现实结果的悖论引发了我们对高尚良知的深思。
[Abstract]:Henry James is one of the founders of Western modernist literature, is a world-renowned classical writer, in his fifty years of creative career, diligently, leaving a vast amount of literary wealth. The study of James is basically synchronized with his works. Since the late 1920s, the study of James has gradually become the focus of attention in China.
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the female narrative subject in James's novel "Screw Tightening" from the first person's narrative perspective, and to explore the marginalized, objectified existence of women and the lack of self-identity in the social and historical context of patriarchal culture. Therefore, the combination of feminism and narratology opens up a new horizon of feminist narratology, whose purpose is to explore the gender politics and social ideology behind the text through narrative techniques. How does gender politics in historical context penetrate into the formal level of narrative texts and shape the "second nature" for men to enjoy?
The thesis consists of five parts:
The introduction introduces James's life and creation, probes into James'research situation both at home and abroad, and briefly explains the research purpose and characteristics of this paper. Finally, it defines the related terms such as narrative subject, unreliable narration and so on, which paves the way for the smooth development of the text.
Chapter One puts forward the conclusion that the female narrator in the screw tightening is an unreliable narrator, and expounds and demonstrates its unreliability. There is a paradox between them. The unreliability of the narrator also appears in his unconscious psychology, from which the author excavates some "truth" hidden behind unreliable narration.
The second chapter explores the passive situation of the female narrator's aphasia in the screw tightening, and explores the causes and manifestations of the aphasia. Firstly, the manor in the text, the tower is the fortress and symbol of hierarchy and patriarchy, the hero establishes the narrative authority by retreating; secondly, the narrative structure of the novel frame is legally deprived. Finally, a series of perverse principles further eliminate the authoritativeness of the narrative subject, and thus the novel becomes the expression of male authority and desire under the patriarchal system.
The third chapter focuses on the reflection of women's living conditions. Firstly, the author obtains a deeper aesthetic feeling with the help of Ariadne's colorful line, i.e. the ghost, which James reserved in the article. Secondly, the author analyzes the embarrassing situation and suffocating existential space of women in Victorian period dominated by male chauvinism. Whether he really understands what women want and need, and whether his concern for women's interests should arouse our deep reflection.
In the conclusion, James'absence creates an illusion of deconstruction of patriarchy, ironically reveals the gender characteristics of the weak, and brings readers into the imaginary feminist interpretation. Painting women, his paradox between the starting point of women's ideals and their attitudes and realistic results has aroused our deep thinking on the noble conscience.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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