酷儿理论视角下《父亲的微笑之光》的研究

发布时间：2018-10-04 20:14

【摘要】：艾丽丝·沃克(1944-)是美国当代最杰出的、影响力最大的、作品创作数量最多的黑人作家之一,也是美国文学史上第一位获得普利策奖的黑人女性作家。在她的文学创作过程中,沃克十分热衷于刻画小说中人物复杂的内心世界。她的作品大都立足于现实,主要描绘黑人,尤其是黑人妇女深受种族主义和性别主义双重压迫的悲惨经历和苦痛心里。沃克的写作风格显示了她是一位反传统的作家。虽然她在小说中描写并批判了白人对黑人、男性对女性的歧视与暴力,但她极少把他们极端地对立起来,这不仅体现了作者反对二元对立,渴望建构一个和谐社会,实现人类完整生存的美好理念,也体现了作者高尚的人文主义情怀。可见,在其文学作品中,艾丽丝·沃克在不懈地揭露人世间的种种罪恶与不公的同时,也为人类勾勒出一幅又一幅包罗万象的强大的生存图景。《父亲的微笑之光》出版于1998年,是沃克的第六部小说。美国学术界对该小说的评价很高。《华盛顿邮报》称赞它是由当今美国最好的一位作家创作的一部令人着迷、富有创意的重要小说。这部小说以父女关系为主线,紧密地围绕着性爱这一主题,讲述了一个关于爱与宽恕、反抗与和解、肉体与精神的故事。诡异的故事情节和大胆的性爱描写引发了读者们对于种族、文化、人与自然和谐共存等话题的热议。一些文学评论家们与学者们也纷纷从妇女主义、魔幻现实主义、生态女性主义等角度对小说的主题和叙事技巧展开了一系列研究。基于先前的研究,本文试图用酷儿理论来解读这部作品,旨在于以全新的视角解析《父亲的微笑之光》中存在的异性与同性、男性与女性、主流文化与边缘文化的矛盾与冲突,进而深刻地揭示出书中蕴藏的作者真挚的人文主义情怀和勇敢的颠覆精神。本论文共包含六部分,由绪论、结论以及中间的四个章节组成。第一部分是引言,这一部分简要概述了作者艾丽丝·沃克及其作品《父亲的微笑之光》、该作品的国内外研究现状以及本论文的研究重点与主题;第一章作为整篇论文的理论基础,阐述了酷儿理论的起源、发展、主张以及它在文学批评中的应用。第二章、第三章和第四章是整篇论文的主体部分,这三章主要是运用酷儿理论的三个主张来分析作品《父亲的微笑之光》。第二章是运用酷儿理论反对异性恋与同性恋二元对立的主张,分析了苏珊娜与波琳对异性恋霸权的推翻;第三章根据酷儿理论反对性别身份两极分化传统的主张,阐释了小说主人公雌雄同体和同性恋的倾向;第四章利用酷儿理论反对西方文化霸权,反对父权制二元对立的思维模式,要求消除一切歧视和偏见的主张,解释了以马努列多为代表的少数族裔孟多族文化对以鲁滨逊为代表的白人基督教文化的战胜。最后一部分总结了全文,强调小说与酷儿理论的契合之处并且揭示借小说作者想要传达的思想情感,以及从小说主人公身上我们能够得到的启示。
[Abstract]:Alice Walker (1944-) is one of the most outstanding and influential black writers in the United States. It is also the first black female writer who won the Pulitzer Prize in the history of American literature. In her literary creation, Walker was very keen to portray the complex character of the characters in the novel. Much of her work is based on reality, mainly depicting the tragic experience and insecurity in which black women, in particular black women, are deeply oppressed by racism and gender. Walker's writing style shows that she is an anti-tradition writer. Although she describes and criticizes white people's discrimination and violence against black men and men in the novel, she seldom antagonizes them, which reflects not only the author's opposition to the binary opposition, the desire to construct a harmonious society, the realization of the good idea of human complete survival, It also embodies the noble humanistic feelings of the author. It can be seen that in his literary works, Alice Walker's unrelenting exposure to the various sins and injustices in the world also outlines a powerful and comprehensive picture of survival for mankind. The light of the father's smile, published in 1998, is the sixth novel of Walker. The American academic circle has a high evaluation of the novel. The Washington Post praised it as a fascinating, creative, important novel created by the best American writer today. The novel, centered on the patriarchal relationship, closely surrounds the topic of sex and tells a story about love and forgiveness, resistance and reconciliation, physical and spiritual. The strange story line and the bold sex description raise the readers' hot discussion on race, culture, harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Some literary critics and scholars have also carried out a series of studies on the theme and narrative techniques of the novel from the perspectives of women's doctrine, magic realism and ecological feminism. Based on previous studies, this paper attempts to interpret this work with cool children's theory, aiming at resolving the conflict and conflict between the opposite sex and the same-sex, male and female, the mainstream culture and the edge culture in the light of a brand-new perspective. Furthermore, the author deeply reveals the author's sincere humanism and the brave subversive spirit in the book. The thesis consists of six chapters, which consist of introduction, conclusion and middle four chapters. The first part is the introduction, this part outlines the author Alice Walker and his works , the research status quo of the work and the research focus and theme of this thesis; Chapter one, as the theoretical foundation of the whole thesis, expounds the origin of cool children's theory. Development, advocacy and its application in literary criticism. The second chapter, the third chapter and the fourth chapter are the main parts of the thesis, which mainly uses the three propositions of Cool theory to analyze the works 【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I712.074

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