试论《方丈记》中消极的无常观
发布时间：2018-10-08 13:38
【摘要】：2012年是日本镰仓时代前期代表作家鸭长明的作品《方丈记》问世800周年。虽然不是长篇巨著,但是和平安朝著名才女清少纳言的《枕草子》、镰仓时代后期代作家吉田兼好的《徒然草》并列被称为日本古典文学中的三大随笔之一。800年来,《方丈记》以其独有的文学魅力,在日本受到世代的推崇,对日本的后世文学产生了重大的影响,至今仍然受到日本广大读者的喜爱。并且被翻译成多种文字介绍到其他国家,成为研究日本文学、了解日本的经典篇章。 鸭长明天赋极高,在音乐及和歌等方面显示出了其优秀的才能。但是,少年丧父,且继承河合神社的仕途心愿未能达成,特别是青年时期的五大天灾人祸体验,以及生于乱世的镰仓幕府时代,处于贵族社会向武家社会的剧烈转变时期,对其后来的消极厌世人生和文学作品中无常观的形成等都有着密切的联系。鸭长明坎坷的成长经历和特殊的社会实践经历,是《方丈记》中无常观形成的重要原因。 《方丈记》被称为是日本无常观文学的代表作。以鸭长明对无常观的独特见解开篇,在重点描写了其青年时代所经历的五大悲惨灾害之后,记录并赞美了自己隐遁山林之中的悠闲生活,但在文章结尾处对于自己对于草庵和隐居生活的眷恋也进行了反省。其隐遁的动机为逃离都城,悠闲的隐居生活最后成了其追求和目的。作品中描写的隐士隐遁生活,距离一心求道、顿悟而得愉悦感的境界相差甚远,属于一种消极沉重的无常观。 世间的一切事物,包括恒常状态,时刻都在不停的流转变化。对于事物的这种无常状态的变化即所谓无常观,可以分为否定(消极)的无常观和肯定(积极)的无常观。自古以来,日本人在对于事物的变化过程中,比较注重和强调其阴暗、灰冷及消亡的一面,带有消极无常观的岛国底色。同时,宗教对于无常观发展的影响也是不可小觑的。《方丈记》虽然是鸭长明于晚年在日野隐居时完成的作品,但是,其表现出的无常观依旧是灰暗和消极的。 本稿在大量查阅和学习了国内外前期学者的研究成果基础上,对《方丈记》中的消无常观进行粗浅的论证和分析,以增进对日本古典文学的深入理解。
[Abstract]:The year 2012 marks the 800th anniversary of the book Abbot, a representative writer in Kamakura era. Though it is not a monumental work, But it is one of the three great essays in Japanese classical literature that is juxtaposed with the famous talented woman of the Ping'an Dynasty, "Pilgrim", and the late Kamakang writer Yoshida. In the past 800 years, the Abbot has been regarded as one of the three great essays in Japanese classical literature. For the past 800 years, the Abbot has its unique literary charm. Japanese literature has been greatly influenced by generations and is still loved by Japanese readers. And has been translated into a variety of languages introduced to other countries, into the study of Japanese literature, to understand Japan's classic text. Duck Changming is highly gifted, showing excellent talent in music and harmony. However, the youth lost his father, and his wish to inherit Hehe Shinto failed to materialize, especially during the five natural and man-made disasters experienced in his youth, and in the period of Kamakura shogunate, which was born in troubled times, and was in a period of dramatic transformation from the aristocratic society to the Wu society. There is a close relationship between his later negative life and the formation of impermanence in literary works. Duck Changming's bumpy growth experience and special social practice experience are the important reasons for the formation of impermanence in Abbot. Abbot is regarded as the representative work of Japanese impermanence literature. Starting with his unique view of impermanence, Duck Changming, after focusing on the five tragic disasters experienced in his youth, records and praises his leisure life in the forest of hidden mountains. But at the end of the article I also reflect on my attachment to hermit and hermit. His hidden motive is to escape from the capital, and the leisurely seclusion finally becomes its pursuit and purpose. The hermit recluse in his works is far from seeking the Tao and obtaining pleasure from an epiphany. It belongs to a negative and heavy view of impermanence. Everything in the world, including the constant state, is constantly changing. The change of this state of impermanence, called impermanence, can be divided into negative (negative) impermanence and positive (positive) impermanence. Since ancient times, the Japanese have paid more attention to and emphasized its dark, grey and dead side in the course of the change of things, with the background of the negative and impermanent view of the island. At the same time, the influence of religion on the development of impermanence can not be underestimated. Although the Abbot is a work completed by Duck in his later years in the seclusion of Hino, its impermanence is still dark and negative. On the basis of consulting and studying the previous research achievements of scholars at home and abroad, this paper makes a brief argument and analysis on the view of eliminating impermanence in Abbot, in order to enhance the deep understanding of Japanese classical literature.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.06
本文编号：2256949
[Abstract]:The year 2012 marks the 800th anniversary of the book Abbot, a representative writer in Kamakura era. Though it is not a monumental work, But it is one of the three great essays in Japanese classical literature that is juxtaposed with the famous talented woman of the Ping'an Dynasty, "Pilgrim", and the late Kamakang writer Yoshida. In the past 800 years, the Abbot has been regarded as one of the three great essays in Japanese classical literature. For the past 800 years, the Abbot has its unique literary charm. Japanese literature has been greatly influenced by generations and is still loved by Japanese readers. And has been translated into a variety of languages introduced to other countries, into the study of Japanese literature, to understand Japan's classic text. Duck Changming is highly gifted, showing excellent talent in music and harmony. However, the youth lost his father, and his wish to inherit Hehe Shinto failed to materialize, especially during the five natural and man-made disasters experienced in his youth, and in the period of Kamakura shogunate, which was born in troubled times, and was in a period of dramatic transformation from the aristocratic society to the Wu society. There is a close relationship between his later negative life and the formation of impermanence in literary works. Duck Changming's bumpy growth experience and special social practice experience are the important reasons for the formation of impermanence in Abbot. Abbot is regarded as the representative work of Japanese impermanence literature. Starting with his unique view of impermanence, Duck Changming, after focusing on the five tragic disasters experienced in his youth, records and praises his leisure life in the forest of hidden mountains. But at the end of the article I also reflect on my attachment to hermit and hermit. His hidden motive is to escape from the capital, and the leisurely seclusion finally becomes its pursuit and purpose. The hermit recluse in his works is far from seeking the Tao and obtaining pleasure from an epiphany. It belongs to a negative and heavy view of impermanence. Everything in the world, including the constant state, is constantly changing. The change of this state of impermanence, called impermanence, can be divided into negative (negative) impermanence and positive (positive) impermanence. Since ancient times, the Japanese have paid more attention to and emphasized its dark, grey and dead side in the course of the change of things, with the background of the negative and impermanent view of the island. At the same time, the influence of religion on the development of impermanence can not be underestimated. Although the Abbot is a work completed by Duck in his later years in the seclusion of Hino, its impermanence is still dark and negative. On the basis of consulting and studying the previous research achievements of scholars at home and abroad, this paper makes a brief argument and analysis on the view of eliminating impermanence in Abbot, in order to enhance the deep understanding of Japanese classical literature.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I313.06
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