无奈的臣服：福柯权力理论视野下的《河湾》解读
发布时间：2018-10-08 19:41
【摘要】：维迪亚达·苏莱普拉萨德·奈保尔是2001年诺贝尔文学奖得主，于1932年8月17日出生在特立尼达的一个印度家庭，是当代文坛一名杰出的移民作家。其代表作《河湾》反映了一个非洲河湾国家在获得殖民独立后仍未摆脱专制统治，国家仍处于混乱之中。 前人对《河湾》的研究主要从它的后殖民、身份困境、叙述技巧和象征性等角度出发，至今还甚少有人从权力的角度去研究它。因此，本文试图用福柯的权力理论去解读《河湾》，通过分析小说中非洲国家的专制压迫及本国人们对权力的反抗，呈现出小说中的河湾国家就是一个到处充斥着规训权力的专制社会。在这个专制社会里，无所不在的权力控制并改造着人们，以使他们“驯服”。但是，小说中的人物并没有完全屈服于这种规训，而是以各种方式进行着各自的反抗。小说中人们对专制权力的苦苦挣扎并不单是河湾国家人民的困境，也是当代整个非洲地区人民的困境。 全文除引言与结论外，共分为三章： 引言部分简要介绍了作家奈保尔及其作品《河湾》，并对国内外有关奈保尔的研究进了梳理，从而指出本文的框架结构，同时简要介绍一下相关理论。 第一章论述《河湾》中的规训权力。通过分析作品中层次监视、规范化裁决和检查来表现小说中的规训权力如何在这个后殖民非洲国家规范人们的行为，从而展现小说中的人物处于无所不在的监视中。 第二章探讨《河湾》中的知识分子、非洲本土男性和女性对规训权力的反抗。通过分析三个不同团体对规训权力的反抗来表现：这个专制非洲国家的规训权力必将遭到所有人的反抗。 第三章分析反抗的结果及其成因。通过展现三个不同团体的反抗结果，本章主要讨论以上无效反抗的成因及所带来的启示。 最后部分是对全文的归纳总结，通过运用福柯的权力理论分析《河湾》，揭示非洲地区长期处于混乱的根源：不是逆来顺受的屈服，而是反抗的自发性导致的无效和无奈臣服的现状。从而指明只有对权力进行有效监管，并通过有组织的反抗，才能改变非洲地区混乱的现状，，建立非洲新秩序。
[Abstract]:Vidiada Sulayprasad Naipaul, a 2001 Nobel Prize winner in literature, was born on August 17, 1932, to an Indian family in Trinidad and an outstanding immigrant writer in contemporary literature. His masterpiece, the Rivers, reflects the fact that an African river country is still in chaos after gaining its colonial independence. The previous studies on the River Bay are mainly from the perspective of postcolonial, identity dilemma, narrative skills and symbolism, and few people have studied it from the perspective of power. Therefore, this paper attempts to use Foucault's theory of power to interpret the River Bay, through the analysis of the autocratic oppression of African countries and the resistance of their own people to power. The river-bay country in the novel is a despotic society full of discipline power. In this despotic society, omnipresent power controls and reinvents people to tame them. However, the characters in the novel did not completely succumb to the precepts, but rebelled in various ways. The struggle of autocratic power in the novel is not only the plight of the people in the estuary, but also the plight of the people of the whole African region. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into three chapters: in the introduction part, the author Naipaul and his works "River Bay" are briefly introduced, and the research on Naipaul at home and abroad is combed in order to point out the frame structure of this paper. At the same time a brief introduction of the relevant theory. The first chapter discusses the discipline power in River Bay. Through the analysis of hierarchical monitoring, standardized adjudication and inspection in the works, it shows how the discipline power in the novel normalizes people's behavior in this post-colonial African country, thus showing that the characters in the novel are under omnipresent surveillance. The second chapter discusses the resistance of intellectuals, African men and women to the right of discipline. Through the analysis of three different groups of resistance to discipline power: the authoritarian African country of discipline power will be resisted by everyone. The third chapter analyzes the results of resistance and its causes. By showing the results of three different groups, this chapter mainly discusses the causes and implications of the above ineffective resistance. The last part is a summary of the full text, through the use of Foucault's theory of power analysis "River Bay", reveals that the African region has long been in the root of chaos: it is not to yield to the situation. It is the status quo of ineffectiveness and helplessness caused by the spontaneity of resistance. Only through effective supervision of power and organized resistance can the chaotic situation in Africa be changed and a new African order be established.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I351.074
本文编号：2258030
[Abstract]:Vidiada Sulayprasad Naipaul, a 2001 Nobel Prize winner in literature, was born on August 17, 1932, to an Indian family in Trinidad and an outstanding immigrant writer in contemporary literature. His masterpiece, the Rivers, reflects the fact that an African river country is still in chaos after gaining its colonial independence. The previous studies on the River Bay are mainly from the perspective of postcolonial, identity dilemma, narrative skills and symbolism, and few people have studied it from the perspective of power. Therefore, this paper attempts to use Foucault's theory of power to interpret the River Bay, through the analysis of the autocratic oppression of African countries and the resistance of their own people to power. The river-bay country in the novel is a despotic society full of discipline power. In this despotic society, omnipresent power controls and reinvents people to tame them. However, the characters in the novel did not completely succumb to the precepts, but rebelled in various ways. The struggle of autocratic power in the novel is not only the plight of the people in the estuary, but also the plight of the people of the whole African region. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into three chapters: in the introduction part, the author Naipaul and his works "River Bay" are briefly introduced, and the research on Naipaul at home and abroad is combed in order to point out the frame structure of this paper. At the same time a brief introduction of the relevant theory. The first chapter discusses the discipline power in River Bay. Through the analysis of hierarchical monitoring, standardized adjudication and inspection in the works, it shows how the discipline power in the novel normalizes people's behavior in this post-colonial African country, thus showing that the characters in the novel are under omnipresent surveillance. The second chapter discusses the resistance of intellectuals, African men and women to the right of discipline. Through the analysis of three different groups of resistance to discipline power: the authoritarian African country of discipline power will be resisted by everyone. The third chapter analyzes the results of resistance and its causes. By showing the results of three different groups, this chapter mainly discusses the causes and implications of the above ineffective resistance. The last part is a summary of the full text, through the use of Foucault's theory of power analysis "River Bay", reveals that the African region has long been in the root of chaos: it is not to yield to the situation. It is the status quo of ineffectiveness and helplessness caused by the spontaneity of resistance. Only through effective supervision of power and organized resistance can the chaotic situation in Africa be changed and a new African order be established.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I351.074
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