《心是孤独的猎手》中对自我的孤独探寻
发布时间：2018-10-30 10:43
【摘要】：卡森.麦卡勒斯写著《心是孤独的猎手》（1940）时，正值“南方文艺复兴”的后期浪潮。不同于以往的历史浪漫小说和英雄主义，南方作家倡导关注南方的独特性，譬如其特有的历史重任，南方身份的探寻，搭建南方文学传统与现代文明之间的桥梁。毫不例外地，麦卡勒斯记录了在种族阶级问题，迷茫感及疏离感猖獗的转型时期，人们努力探寻身份所感到的孤独。弱势群体如畸形人始终是她作品关注的对象，散发出人文主义的关怀。 和其它作品一样，她的第一部作品《心是孤独的猎手》揭露孤独疏离的主题。麦卡勒斯的独特之处，除了她对内心孤独的剖析，还体现在她的人文主义关怀，对边缘群体如黑人公正对待。她真实地记录了他们在探寻自我的过程中的痛苦与焦虑。她坚持为读者呈现真实的世界，不粉饰也不丑化。 随着工业化文明的入侵，南方特有的生活方式逐渐被瓦解。处于历史的转型期，许多南方传统价值岌岌可危。更糟糕的是，大萧条及二战所带来的致命性打击，让南方人变得困惑、迷茫和无力。正是在这迷茫的时代，《心是孤独的猎手》描述了南方深部一群流放者不屈不挠地探寻自我。虽遭受孤独的折磨，他们仍坚定地与贫困和死亡的威胁作斗争，反击社会的无知和评头论足，同时也不断地抵制自欺的诱惑。在自我探寻的征程中，，有人勇敢地如斗士一般，而有人却也偏离了轨道。不得不说，在自我书写的过程，苦痛和焦虑是不可避免的。 国外的评论主要关注书中人物如何抵抗孤独，鲜有评论者聚焦另一核心问题，即主要人物对自我的探寻。更有甚者，将故事的结尾解读为失败或毫无希望。书中关于当代社会中孤独的原因，迷惘及它们与自我探寻的联系，却是鲜有关注的。本文试图探索书中主要人物的孤独及对自我的探寻，从而解答以下问题：1）在荒诞的世界中，主要人物是如何探寻自我？2）在探寻自我的过程中，孤独感为何不可避免以及它是如何被呈现？ 本论文主要运用存在主义理论，特别是萨特的理论。存在主义关注人的生存中的核心问题如自我、自欺及真实自我、与他者的冲突、焦虑、价值等。因而，针对《心是孤独的猎手》中主要人物探寻自我过程中产生的孤独感，与自我、他者和周围的关系，存在主义可以较好地给予阐释。 本文主体部分主要分为三部分，分别探讨自我认同危机，焦虑及人际关系冲突，价值与责任的关系。从迷失到自我的找寻，这些人生的斗士成功书写了属于他们的故事。
[Abstract]:Carson McCullers wrote "the Heart is a Lonely Hunter" (1940), in the late days of the Southern Renaissance. Different from the historical romantic novels and heroism in the past, southern writers advocate to pay attention to the uniqueness of the South, such as its unique historical responsibility, the search for the identity of the South, and build a bridge between the literary tradition of the South and the modern civilization. McCullers, without exception, chronicles the loneliness of seeking identity during the transition period of rampant racial class problems, confusion and alienation. Vulnerable groups such as abnormal people have always been the object of concern in her works, sending out humanistic concern. Like other works, her first work, the Heart is the subject of Lonely Hunters, reveals loneliness and alienation. In addition to her analysis of her loneliness, McCullers' uniqueness lies in her humanistic concern and fair treatment of marginalized groups such as blacks. She truly recorded their pain and anxiety in their quest for themselves. She insists on presenting the real world to her readers, without whitewash or ugliness. With the invasion of industrial civilization, the unique way of life in the South was gradually disintegrated. In the transitional period of history, many traditional values of the South are at risk. Worse, the devastating effects of the Great Depression and World War II left southerners confused, confused and powerless. It is in this time of confusion that the heart is a lonely hunter, describing the indomitable search for self of a group of deep southern exiles. In spite of their loneliness, they are determined to fight poverty and the threat of death, to counter the ignorance and criticism of society, and to resist the temptation to deceive themselves. In the journey of self-search, some are brave as fighters, while others are off track. I have to say that in the process of self-writing, pain and anxiety are inevitable. Foreign comments mainly focus on how the characters resist loneliness in the book, few critics focus on another core issue, that is, the main character of the search for self. What's more, interpret the end of the story as failure or hopelessness. Little attention is paid in the book to the causes of loneliness in contemporary society, their connection to self-exploration. This paper attempts to explore the loneliness of the main characters in the book and their search for the self, thus answering the following questions: 1) in the absurd world, how do the main characters search for themselves? 2) in the process of searching for themselves, Why is loneliness inevitable and how is it presented? This thesis mainly uses existentialism theory, especially Sartre's theory. Existentialism focuses on the core issues of human existence, such as self, self-deception and true self, conflict with others, anxiety, value and so on. Therefore, existentialism can better explain the relationship between the main characters in the process of searching for the self, the other and the surrounding. The main part of this paper is divided into three parts: self-identity crisis, anxiety and interpersonal conflict, and the relationship between value and responsibility. From lost to self-searching, these life fighters have successfully written their own stories.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2299779
[Abstract]:Carson McCullers wrote "the Heart is a Lonely Hunter" (1940), in the late days of the Southern Renaissance. Different from the historical romantic novels and heroism in the past, southern writers advocate to pay attention to the uniqueness of the South, such as its unique historical responsibility, the search for the identity of the South, and build a bridge between the literary tradition of the South and the modern civilization. McCullers, without exception, chronicles the loneliness of seeking identity during the transition period of rampant racial class problems, confusion and alienation. Vulnerable groups such as abnormal people have always been the object of concern in her works, sending out humanistic concern. Like other works, her first work, the Heart is the subject of Lonely Hunters, reveals loneliness and alienation. In addition to her analysis of her loneliness, McCullers' uniqueness lies in her humanistic concern and fair treatment of marginalized groups such as blacks. She truly recorded their pain and anxiety in their quest for themselves. She insists on presenting the real world to her readers, without whitewash or ugliness. With the invasion of industrial civilization, the unique way of life in the South was gradually disintegrated. In the transitional period of history, many traditional values of the South are at risk. Worse, the devastating effects of the Great Depression and World War II left southerners confused, confused and powerless. It is in this time of confusion that the heart is a lonely hunter, describing the indomitable search for self of a group of deep southern exiles. In spite of their loneliness, they are determined to fight poverty and the threat of death, to counter the ignorance and criticism of society, and to resist the temptation to deceive themselves. In the journey of self-search, some are brave as fighters, while others are off track. I have to say that in the process of self-writing, pain and anxiety are inevitable. Foreign comments mainly focus on how the characters resist loneliness in the book, few critics focus on another core issue, that is, the main character of the search for self. What's more, interpret the end of the story as failure or hopelessness. Little attention is paid in the book to the causes of loneliness in contemporary society, their connection to self-exploration. This paper attempts to explore the loneliness of the main characters in the book and their search for the self, thus answering the following questions: 1) in the absurd world, how do the main characters search for themselves? 2) in the process of searching for themselves, Why is loneliness inevitable and how is it presented? This thesis mainly uses existentialism theory, especially Sartre's theory. Existentialism focuses on the core issues of human existence, such as self, self-deception and true self, conflict with others, anxiety, value and so on. Therefore, existentialism can better explain the relationship between the main characters in the process of searching for the self, the other and the surrounding. The main part of this paper is divided into three parts: self-identity crisis, anxiety and interpersonal conflict, and the relationship between value and responsibility. From lost to self-searching, these life fighters have successfully written their own stories.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2299779
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