论《格列佛游记》中对自然科学的讽刺

发布时间：2018-10-31 10:46

【摘要】：格列佛游记的第三个岛总是和科学这个主题联系在一起。自1936年MarjorieNicolson发表了著名的《斯威夫特第三个岛的科学背景》起，很多学者试图去阐释斯威夫特的科学观。然而，评论家对于斯威夫特的科学观有各种各样的看法。本篇论文试图证明斯威夫特在《格列佛游记》的第三个岛对自然科学的态度是讽刺的。他认为自然科学没有任何实际的用处，因为它没能给社会带来任何进步。自然科学的研究还有可能会弊大于利一旦科学家成为统治者的统治和镇压人民的帮凶。在这篇论文中，斯威夫特对科学讽刺的动机将从历史和个人的方面来分析，或者说从客观和主观的方面来分析。从历史方面来说，英国的科学热第一次在全国广泛流行的是在斯威夫特出生之前，而科学真正应用到实际生活的是在他去世之后。此外，在斯威夫特所处的那个年代，一些科学方法正处于形成阶段，科学家们的研究容易出错。他们的科学研究在别人看来似乎荒唐又可笑。而当有些科学家的研究失败时，讽刺家们就会利用这些机会来进行讽刺。事实上，科学家和讽刺家对科学研究的判断是基于两种不同的认识论。当判断科学研究是否有用，是否可行时，讽刺家往往是根据常识来判断，而科学家则更倾向于依靠专业知识和直觉。但是，，常识并不是一项用来判断科学研究是否合理的可靠标准。讽刺家往往因为个人因素，党派或道德关怀来讽刺科学家。从个人方面来说，斯威夫特对科学的讽刺主要出于道德关怀。Wood’s halfpence的事件使得他对大科学家牛顿非常的愤怒。在他看来，牛顿在这个事件中成了英国政府殖民爱尔兰的帮凶。作为一个道德主义者和爱国主义者，他在《格列佛游记》的第三个岛中对牛顿进行了强烈的抨击。
[Abstract]:The third island of Gulliver's travels is always associated with the subject of science. Since MarjorieNicolson published the famous Science background of the third Island of Swift in 1936, many scholars have tried to explain Swift's view of science. However, critics have a variety of views on Swift's view of science. This paper attempts to prove that Swift's attitude to science in Gulliver's third island is ironic. He thought that natural science was of no practical use because it did not bring any progress to society. Natural science research may also do more harm than good once scientists become accomplices to rulers' rule and repression of the people. In this paper, Swift's motives for scientific satire will be analyzed from a historical and personal perspective, or from an objective and subjective perspective. Historically, Britain's scientific craze first became popular throughout the country before Swift was born, and it was after his death that science was really applied to life. Moreover, in Swift's time, some scientific methods were in their infancy, and scientists were prone to error. Their scientific research seemed absurd and ridiculous to others. When some scientists fail, satirists use these opportunities to satirize. In fact, scientists and satirists judge scientific research based on two different epistemology. Satirists tend to judge by common sense when judging whether scientific research is useful and feasible, while scientists tend to rely more on expertise and intuition. But common sense is not a reliable criterion for judging the reasonableness of scientific research. Satirists often satirize scientists for personal reasons, party or moral concerns. On a personal level, Swift's satire on science was primarily due to moral concern for. Wood's halfpence, which made him angry with Newton, the great scientist. In his view, Newton was an accomplice to the British government's colonization of Ireland in the event. As a moralist and patriot, he lashed out at Newton in the third island of Gulliver's travels.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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